SELF-PRESERVATION PRACTICES OF THE POPULATION
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22394/2304-3369-2024-4-41-53Abstract
Introduction. Based on the available data, the main practices of self-preservation behavior of the popu- lation 15 years and older are studied. An individual’s self-preservation behavior is considered in two main areas: everyday life - behavior for preventing illness and during illness (contacting a medical professional).
Materials and methods. State statistics data were used as an empirical basis; results of selective monitoring of the population’s health status for the period from 2019 to 2023; database of the Russian Monitoring of Economics and Health (RLMS-HSE) for the period from 1994 to 2022. The data made it possible to consider the problem of self-preservation behavior in dynamics and in the context of socio-demographic groups.
Results. In Russia, there are few people with a high commitment to a healthy life: 7.0% of men and 10.9% of women. Few people eat enough fruits and vegetables every day: 14.2% of the population (2022 - 12.0%), rural population - 15.9%, urban population - 13.6%. There are regional differences in the consumption of fruits and vegetables, which may be related to the availability and eating habits of the population.
In some types of behavior, people began to behave more responsibly. The majority of the population (68.8%) do not smoke and have not smoked before; 12.3% have quit smoking. For women, the dynamics have not changed over 26 years, but men began to smoke 18.6% less. Alcohol consumption has decreased significantly; representatives of the 35-54 year old group (every tenth) consume it more often. Positive dynamics in physical activity; currently, more than half of citizens are systematically involved in physical culture and sports - 56.8% (according to the Ministry of Sports). In case of health problems, one third of Russians (37.8% of men and 39.5% of women) went to a polyclinic, to a doctor, the majority treated themselves, the situation worsened with the onset of the pandemic in 2020.
Conclusion. In general, the behavior of the population for the purpose of health prevention has a positive trend, but remains at a low level and cannot make a significant contribution to improving the health of the population. At the same time, population activity during the period of illness also remains at a low level, and there is no positive dynamics. Against the backdrop of increasing morbidity, more than half of citizens do not consult a doctor during illness and engage in selftreatment.
KEYWORDS: health, self-preservation behavior, Russian regions, healthy lifestyle, body mass index, doctor attendance
References
1. ГЕНЧИКОВА И. В. Механизмы реализации стратегических приоритетов увеличения ожидаемой продолжительности жизни // Вопросы управления. 2023. № 3 (82). С. 60–71. DOI 10.22394/2304-3369-2023-3-60-71. EDN IPNRFP.
2. ЛОКОСОВ В. В., РОИК В. Д. Жизненные возможности людей: концептуальные подходы и измерение // Народонаселение. 2020. Т. 23, № 4. С. 19–25. DOI 10.19181/population.2020.23.4.2. EDN RFTTBL.
3. НАЗАРОВА И. Б. Здоровье занятого населения : Монография. Москва : МАКС Пресс, 2007. EDN QOHGDX.
4. STEFLER, D., MURPHY, M., IRDAM, D., HORVAT, P., JARVIS, M., KING, L., MCKEE, M., & BOBAK, M. (2017).
Smoking and Mortality in Eastern Europe: Results From the PrivMort Retrospective Cohort Study of 177 376 Individuals. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 20(6), 749–754. https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntx122.
5. KUZNETSOVA, P. O. (2020). Alcohol mortality in Russia: Assessment with representative survey data. Population and Economics, 4(3), 75–95. https://doi. org/10.3897/popecon.4.e51653.
6. ФЕДОТОВ А. А. Распространение алкоголизма и наркомании в регионах России // Народонаселение. 2022. Т. 25, № 3. С. 144–152. DOI 10.19181/population.2022.25.3.11. EDN NKBUBU.
7. БЛИНОВА Т. В., ВЯЛЬШИНА А. А., НОЖКИНА И. А. Гендерные аспекты самосохранительного поведения студентов города Саратова в период пандемии COVID-19 // Экология человека. 2021. № 9. С. 55–63. DOI 10.33396/1728-0869-2021-9-55-63. EDN GLCFOM.
8. КОНЕВ Ю. В., ЛИ Е. Д., КУЗНЕЦОВ О. О., ТРУБНИКОВА И. А. Особенности питания в пожилом и старческом возрасте // РМЖ. 2009. Т. 17, № 2. С. 145–148. EDN PBJXGZ.
9. TARTOF, S. Y., QIAN, L., HONG, V., WEI, R., NADJAFI, R. F., FISCHER, H., LI, Z., SHAW, S. F., CAPAROSA, S. L., NAU, C. L., SAxENA, T., RIEG, G. K., ACKERSON, B. K., SHARP, A. L., SKARBINSKI, J., NAIK, T. K.,& MURALI, S. B. (2020). Obesity and Mortality Among Patients Diagnosed With COVID-19: Re- sults From an Integrated Health Care Organization. Annals of Internal Medicine, 173(10), 773–781. https://doi.org/10.7326/m20-3742.
10. ГОРОШКО Н. В., ЕМЕЛЬЯНОВА Е. К., ПАЦАЛА С. В. Проблема медицинской активности на- селения России в эпоху COVID-19 // Социальные аспекты здоровья населения. 2022. Т. 68, № 3. С. 15 DOI 10.21045/2071-5021-2022-68-3-15. EDN QTYSRX.
11. DHANA, K., FRANCO, O. H., RITZ, E. M., FORD, C. N., DESAI, P., KRUEGER, K. R., HOLLAND, T. M.,
DHANA, A., LIU, X., AGGARWAL, N. T., EVANS, D. A., & RAJAN, K. B. (2022). Healthy lifestyle and life expec- tancy with and without Alzheimer's dementia: Pop- ulation based cohort study. BMJ: British Medical Journal, Article e068390. https://doi.org/10.1136/ bmj-2021-068390.
12. CORNELISSE-VERMAAT, J. R., ANTONIDES, G., VAN OPHEM, J. A. C., & VAN DEN BRINK, H. M. (2006). Body Mass Index, Perceived Health, and Happiness: Their Determinants and Structural Relationships. Social Indicators Research, 79(1), 143–158. https:// doi.org/10.1007/s11205-005-4097-7.
13. ФЕДОТОВ А. А. Факторы, воздействующие на потребление алкоголя: региональный анализ // Региональные проблемы преобразования экономики. 2023. № 6 (152). С. 19–30. DOI 10.26726/1812-7096-2023-6-19-30. EDN SBKJAS.
14. ТАНАТОВА Д. К., КОРОЛЕВ И. В., ЛЕОНТЬЕВА Т. В. Физическая культура и спорт в жизни российского населения // Народонаселение. 2022. Т. 25, № 1. С. 167–176. DOI 10.19181/ population.2022.25.1.14. EDN NVJAKD.
15. НАЗАРОВА И. Б. Показатели, характеризующие здоровье жителей России к 2021 году // Народонаселение. 2022. Т. 25, № 2. С. 28–38. DOI 10.19181/population.2022.25.2.3. EDN XRXQCH.
16. ДЖИ К., РОСАЛАМ Ч. М., ХАЙРУЛ М. К., РУХАЙЗИН С. Здоровый образ жизни как средство управления рисками для здоровья: компоненты и факторы. Аналитический обзор // Анализ риска здоровью. 2023. № 4. С. 158–171. DOI 10.21668/health.risk/2023.4.15. EDN LDWZOW.
17. ДРУЖИНИН П. В., МОЛЧАНОВА Е. В. Первая и вторая волны пандемии COVID-19 в российских регионах: сравнение изменения уровня смертности // Журнал Сибирского федерального университета. Серия: Гуманитарные науки. 2021. Т. 14, № 7. С. 1028–1038. DOI 10.17516/1997-1370-0782. EDN HNRPZU.
18. КИСЛИЦИНА О. А., ЧУБАРОВА Т. В. Факторы, влияющие на обращаемость россиян за медицинской помощью: гендерный аспект // Женщина в российском обществе. 2023. № 2. С. 94–108. DOI 10.21064/WinRS.2023.2.7. EDN JHXBVJ.
19. КИСЛИЦЫНА О. А. Детерминанты использования амбулаторных медицинских услуг в России: влияние места жительства // Уровень жизни населения регионов России. 2023. Т. 19, № 2. С. 216–225. DOI 10.52180/1999-9836_2023_19_2_ 5_216_225. EDN GZPINW.
20. РОСТОВСКАЯ Т. К., ШАБУНОВА А. А., КНЯЗЬКОВА Е. А. Самосохранительное поведение россиян: оценка состояния здоровья и возможности долгожительства // Проблемы социальной гигиены, здравоохранения и истории медицины. 2020. Т. 28, № 6. С. 1275–1280. DOI 10.32687/0869-866X-2020-28-6-1275-1280. EDN IPAUNM
REFERENCES
1. GENCHIKOVA, I. V. (2023). Mechanisms for im- plementing strategic priorities for increasing life expectancy. Management Issues, (3), 60–71. https://doi.org/10.22394/2304-3369-2023-3-60-71.
2. LOKOSOV, V. V., & ROIK, V. D. (2020). Life opportunities of people: Conceptual approaches and measurement. Population, 23(4), 19–25. https://doi. org/10.19181/population.2020.23.4.2.
3. NAZAROVA, I. B. (2007). Health of the Employed Population. MAKS Press. https://elibrary.ru/qohgdx.
4. STEFLER, D., MURPHY, M., IRDAM, D., HORVAT, P., JARVIS, M., KING, L., MCKEE, M., & BOBAK, M. (2017). Smoking and Mortality in Eastern Europe: Results From the PrivMort Retrospective Cohort Study of 177 376 Individuals. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 20(6), 749–754. https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntx122.
5. KUZNETSOVA, P. O. (2020). Alcohol mortality in Russia: Assessment with representative survey data. Population and Economics, 4(3), 75–95. https://doi. org/10.3897/popecon.4.e51653.
6. FEDOTOV, A. A. (2022). The spread of alcohol- ism and drug addiction in the regions of Russia. Population, 25(3), 144–152. https://doi.org/10.19181/ population.2022.25.3.11.
7. BLINOVA, T. V., VYALSHINA, A. A., & NOZHKINA, I. A. (2021). Gender variations in elf-preserving behavior during the Covid-19 pandemic among the students in Saratov. Human Ecology, (9), 55–63. https://doi.org/10.33396/1728-0869-2021-9-55-63.
8. KONEV, YU. V., LEE, E. D., KUZNETSOV, O. O., & TRUBNIKOVA, I. A. (2009). Features of nutrition in the elderly and senile age. RMJ, 17(2), 145–148. https:// elibrary.ru/pbjxgz.
9. TARTOF, S. Y., QIAN, L., HONG, V., WEI, R., NADJAFI, R. F., FISCHER, H., LI, Z., SHAW, S. F., CAPAROSA, S. L., NAU, C. L., SAxENA, T., RIEG, G. K., ACKERSON, B. K., SHARP, A. L., SKARBINSKI, J., NAIK, T. K., & MURALI, S. B. (2020). Obesity and Mortality Among Patients Diagnosed With COVID-19: Re- sults From an Integrated Health Care Organization. Annals of Internal Medicine, 173(10), 773–781. https://doi.org/10.7326/m20-3742.
10. GOROSHKO, N. V., EMELYANOVA, E. K., & PATSALA, S. V. (2022). The problem of medical activity of the Russian population during Covid-19. Social Aspects of Population Health, 68(3), Article 15. https://doi.org/10.21045/2071-5021-2022-68-3-15.
11. DHANA, K., FRANCO, O. H., RITZ, E. M., FORD, C. N., DESAI, P., KRUEGER, K. R., HOLLAND, T. M.,
DHANA, A., LIU, X., AGGARWAL, N. T., EVANS, D. A., & RAJAN, K. B. (2022). Healthy lifestyle and life expectancy with and without Alzheimer's dementia: Population based cohort study. BMJ: British Medical Journal, Article e068390. https://doi.org/10.1136/ bmj-2021-068390.
12. CORNELISSE-VERMAAT, J. R., ANTONIDES, G., VAN OPHEM, J. A. C., & VAN DEN BRINK, H. M. (2006). Body Mass Index, Perceived Health, and Happiness: Their Determinants and Structural Relationships. Social Indicators Research, 79(1), 143–158. https:// doi.org/10.1007/s11205-005-4097-7.
13. FEDOTOV, A. A. (2023). Factors influencing alcohol consumption: Regional analysis. Regional Problems of Economic Transformation, (6), 19–30. https://doi.org/10.26726/1812-7096-2023-6-19-30.
14. TANATOVA, D. K., KOROLEV, I. V., & LEONTYEVA, T. V. (2022). Physical culture and sports in the life of the Russian population. Population, 25(1), 167–176. https://doi.org/10.19181/population.2022.25.1.14.
15. NAZAROVA, I. B. (2022). Indicators character- izing the health of Russian residents by 2021. Population, 25(2), 28–38. https://doi.org/10.19181/ population.2022.25.2.3.
16. GEE, K., ROSALAM, C. M., KHAIRUL, M. K.,& RUKHAYZIN, S. (2023). Healthy lifestyle as a way to manage health risks: components and factors. An- alytical review. Health Risk Analysis, (4), 158–171. https://doi.org/10.21668/health.risk/2023.4.15.
17. DRUZHININ, P. V., & MOLCHANOVA, E. V. (2021). The first and second waves of the Covid-19 pan- demic in the russian regions: Comparison of the change in the mortality rate. Journal of Siberian Federal University. Humanities and Social Sciences, 14(7), 1028–1038. https://doi.org/10.17516/1997-1370-0782.
18. KISLITSINA, O. A., & CHUBAROVA, T. V. (2023). Factors influencing Russians’ applications for medical assistance: Gender aspect. Woman in Russian Society, (2), 94–108. https://doi.org/10.21064/WinRS.2023.2.7.
19. KISLITSYNA, O. A. (2023). Determinants of outpatient health service utilization in Russia: In- fluence of place of residence. Living Standarts of the Population in the Regions of Russia, 19(2), 216–225. https://doi.org/10.52180/1999-9836_2023_19_2_ 5_216_225.
20. ROSTOVSKAYA, T. K., SHABUNOVA, A. A., & KNYAZKOVA, E. A. (2020). The self-preserving behavior of citizen of the Russian federation: Health assessment and possibilities of longevity. Problems of Social Hygiene, Public Health and History of Med- icine, 28(6), 1275–1280. https://doi.org/10.32687/ 0869-866X-2020-28-6-1275-1280
