PERIODIZATION OF FAMILY AND DEMOGRAPHIC POLICY DEVELOPMENT IN POST-SOVIET RUSSIA

Authors

  • Maria A. Zyryanova Institute for Socio-Economic and Energy Problems of the North, Federal Re- search Center “Komi Science Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences” Автор
  • Larisa A. Popova Institute for Socio-Economic and Energy Problems of the North, Federal Research Center “Komi Science Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences Автор

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22394/2304-3369-2021-6-38-52

Keywords:

family policy, demographic policy, birth rate, natural population decline maternity and child allowance, maternity and child allowance, maternity capital, protection of mothers and children, housing problem

Abstract

In the post-Soviet period, when Russia became the sovereign state, its family policy has gone through several periods. Some periods were characterized by its development, others – by stagnation at the level of the previously adopted measures. Family policy measures at each stage either responded to the goals of demographic problems or required updating.

Therefore, the purpose of this article is to structure the legal framework for regulating state family and demographic policy in 1992–2021 in the Russian Federation and the Komi Republic. Besides, it also evaluates the significant demographic indicators in the periods, differing in the range of measures of the state support for family, motherhood and childhood.

The research uses the methods of historical, legal and demographic descriptive analysis, and identifies a dialectical relationship between changes in the directions of demographic and family policy and the dynamics of fertility processes.

The article reveals five periods of development of the state family and demographic policy in post-soviet Russia. It has been found that in the beginning of the 1990-s the family policy was conservative, targeted mainly at the low-income families. Since the beginning of the 2000-s it acquired a paternalistic character and was aimed at stimulating births of the second, third and other children, solving the housing problem of families with children. After 2017 the policy was updated and included the measures of financial support of low-income families, support of young families with children, and improvement of the housing conditions of families with children. In 2021 the state pays attention to incomplete families.

To solve the problem of fertility decline it is necessary: to increase the level of well-being in the society; to solve the problem of poverty; to stop using the minimum wage in calculation of the poverty line and family benefits; to introduce a new indicator, oriented not on the physical survival, but on the satisfaction of a wide range of needs of families with children.

Author Biographies

  • Maria A. Zyryanova, Institute for Socio-Economic and Energy Problems of the North, Federal Re- search Center “Komi Science Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences”

    Institute for Socio-Economic and Energy Problems, Federal Research Center “Komi Science Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences” (26, Kommunisticheskaya St., Syktyvkar, 167982, Russia)

  • Larisa A. Popova, Institute for Socio-Economic and Energy Problems of the North, Federal Research Center “Komi Science Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences

    Institute for Socio-Economic and Energy Problems, Federal Research Center “Komi Science Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences” (26, Kommunisticheskaya St., Syktyvkar, 167982, Russia)

References

1. Аганбегян А.Г. (2018). Сбережение населения России под вопросом // Народонаселение. Т. 21. № 4. С. 4–13.

2. Валидова А.Ф. (2018). Влияние демографической политики на показатели рождаемости в Российской Федерации и в Республике Татарстан // Регионология. Т. 26. № 3. С. 494–511.

3. Елизаров В.В., Кочкина Е.В. (2014). Государственная семейная и демографическая политика в России: к разработке эффективных мер повышения рождаемости. М.: ООО «Вариант», АНО «Совет по вопросам управления и развития». ИСЭПН РАН. 162 с.

4. Попова Л.А. (2016). Современная демографическая политика в области рождаемости: результаты и направления совершенствования // Экономические и социальные перемены: факты, тенденции, прогноз. № 2 (44). С. 79–93.

5. Рудакова Е.К. (2020). Многофакторный анализ внутренних демографических угроз России // Власть. № 6. С. 30–38.

6. Рыбаковский О.Л. (2020). Воспроизводство населения России: задачи, тенденции, факторы и возможные результаты к 2024 г. // Народонаселение. Т. 23. № 1. С. 53–66. DOI: 10.19181/population.2020.23.1.5.

7. Сукнёва С.А., Барашкова А.С., Постникова К.Ю. (2020). Рождаемость, детность и доходы семей: тенденции и взаимосвязи // Экономические и социальные перемены: факты, тенденции, прогноз. Т. 13. № 2. С. 201–213. DOI: 10.15838/esc.2020.2.68.13.

8. Фаузер В.В. (2015). Государственное регулирование рождаемости: теория и практика вопроса // Вестник КРАГСиУ. Серия: теория и практика управления. № 14 (19). С. 73–78.

9. Носкова А.В. (2013). Эволюция государственной семейной политики в России: от советских к современным моделям // Вестник МГИМО Университета. № 6 (33). С. 155–159.

10. Чернова Ж.В. (2011). Семейная политика в современной России: «пятый нацпроект» // Человек. Сообщество. Управление. № 2. С. 100–112.

11. Калачикова О.Н., Груздева М.А. (2019). Социальная уязвимость семей с детьми в современной России // Экономические и социальные перемены: факты, тенденции, прогноз. Т. 12. № 2. С. 147–160. DOI: 10.15838/esc.2019.2.62.9.

12. Капогузов Е.А., Чупин Р.И., Харламова М.С. (2021). Оценка результативности семейной политики в направлении увеличения доходов россиян и снижения уровня бедности // Вопросы управления. № 4 (71). С. 108–122.

13. Ржаницына Л.С. (2019). Стандарт экономической устойчивости семьи с детьми – новый ориентир политики доходов // Народонаселение. Т. 22. № 1. С. 122–127.

14. Республика Коми. Т. 1. Сыктывкар: Коми книжное издательство, 1997. 472 с.

15. Фаузер В.В., Фаузер Г.Н. (2014). Государственная политика решения социально-трудовых и демографических проблем Севера России. Корпоративное управление и инновационное развитие экономики Севера // Вестник Научно-исследовательского центра корпоративного права, управления и венчурного инвестирования Сыктывкарского государственного университета. № 2. С. 137–147.

16. Республика Коми. Т. 3. Сыктывкар: Коми книжное издательство, 2000. 400 с.

17. Республика Коми. Т. 2. Сыктывкар: Коми книжное издательство, 1999. 576 с.

18. Попова Л.А., Шишкина (Зырянова) М.А. (2017). Влияние современной российской демографической политики на тенденции и перспективы рождаемости населения. Сыктывкар: ООО «Коми республиканская типография». 128 с.

19. Рыбаковский Л.Л. (2013). Накануне выбора: второй этап депопуляции или демографический рост? // Народонаселение. № 4. С. 39–49.

20. Тихомирова Т.М., Тихомиров Н.П. (2020). Оценка результативности программы материнского капитала в регионах России // Федерализм. № 1 (97). С. 5–26.

21. Аганбегян А.Г. (2021). Как восстановить сохранность народа России // Народонаселение. Т. 24. № 2. С. 4–18. DOI: 10.19181/population.2021.24.2.1.

22. Зырянова М.А. (2021). Демографические причины нового этапа снижения рождаемости в северных регионах России // Север и рынок: формирование экономического порядка. № 3.

23. Соболева С.В., Смирнова Н.Е., Чудаева О.В. (2021). Особенности второго этапа депопуляции в России // Россия: тенденции и перспективы развития : Материалы XX Национальной научной конференции с международным участием. М. С. 752–758.

24. Калабихина И.Е. (2020). Измерение временем: новая парадигма социально-демографической политики // Народонаселение. Т. 23. № 2. С. 37–50. DOI: 10.19181/population.2020.23.2.4.

25. Баскакова М.Е., Соболева И.В. (2018). Баланс семьи и работы: новые возможности в условиях цифровой экономики // Народонаселение. Т. 21. № 3. С. 122–135.

REFERENCES

1. Aganbegyan A.G. (2018). Saving the population of Russia is in question, Population, vol. 21, no. 4, pp. 4–13.

2.Validova A.F. (2018). The impact of demo- graphic policy on fertility rates in the Russian Federation and in the Republic of Tatarstan, Regionology, vol. 26, no. 3, pp. 494–511.

3. Elizarov V.V., Kochkina E.V. (2014). State family and demographic policy in Russia: to develop effective fertility raising measures. Moscow: LLC “Variant“,ANPO“Councilfor Management and Development”.ISEPNRAS.162p.

4. Popova L.A. (2016). Modern demographic pol- icy in the field of fertility: results and directions of improvement, Economic and social changes: facts, trends, forecast, no. 2 (44), pp. 79–93.

5. Rudakova E.K. (2020). Multifactor analysis of the internal demographic threats of Russia, Power, no. 6, pp. 30–38.

6. Rybakovsky O.L. (2020). Reproduction of the Russian population: tasks, trends, factors and possible results by 2024, Population, vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 53– 66. DOI: 10.19181/population.2020.23.1.5.

7.Suknyova S.A., Barashkova A.S., Postniko- va K.Yu. (2020). Birth rate, deposit and income of families: trends and relationships, Economic and so- cial changes: facts, trends, forecast, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 201–213. DOI: 10.15838/esc.2020.2.68.13.

8. Fauzer V.V. (2015). State fertility regulation: theory and practice of the problem, Bulletin of KRAGSiU. Series: Theory and Management Practice, no.14(19),pp.73–78.

9. Noskova A.V. (2013). The evolution of state family policy in Russia: from Soviet to modern models, Bulletin of MGIMO University, no. 6 (33), pp. 155–159.

10. Chernova Zh.V. (2011). Family policy in modern Russia: “Fifth National Project”, Man. Community. Control, no. 2, pp. 100–112.

11. Kalachikova O.N., Gruzdeva M.A. (2019). So- cial vulnerability of families with children in mod- ern Russia, Economic and social changes: facts, trends, forecast, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 147–160. DOI: 10.15838/e sc.2019.2.62.9.

12. Kapoguzov E.A., Chupin R.I., Kharlamova M.S. (2021). Assessment of family policy achievements in income increase and poverty decrease in Russia, Management issues, no. 4 (71), pp. 108–122.

13. Rzhanitsyna L.S. (2019). The standard of economic sustainability of the family with children – a new landmark of income policies, Population, vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 122–127.

14. Komi Republic. Vol. 1. Syktyvkar: Komi Book Publishing House, 1997. 472 p.

15. Fauzer V.V., Fauzer G.N. (2014). State policy of solving the socio-labor and demographic problems of the North of Russia. Corporate governance and innovative development of the economy of the North, Bulletin of the Research Center of the Corporate Law, Management and Venture Investment of the Syktyvkarian State University, no. 2, pp. 137–147.

16. Komi Republic. Vol. 3. Syktyvkar: Komi Book Publishing House, 2000. 400 p.

17. Komi Republic. Vol. 2. Syktyvkar: Komi Book Publishing House, 1999. 576 p.

18. Popova L.A., Shishkin (Zyryanova) M.A. (2017). The impact of the modern Russian demo- graphic policy on the trends and prospects for the fertility of the population. Syktyvkar: Komi Republican Typography LLC. 128 p.

19. Rybakovsky L.L. (2013). On the eve of the choice: the second stage of depopulation or demo- graphic growth? Population, no. 4, pp. 39–49.

20. Tikhomirova T.M., Tikhomirov N.P. (2020). Evaluation of the effectiveness of the maternal capital program in the regions of Russia, Federalism, no. 1 (97), pp. 5–26.

21. Aganbegyan A.G. (2021). How to restore the safety of the people of Russia, Population, vol. 24, no. 2, pp. 4–18. DOI: 10.19181/population.2021 .24.2.1.

22. Zyryanova M.A. (2021). Demographic reasons for the new stage of the birth rate in the northern regions of Russia, North and the market: the formation of economic order, no. 3, pp. 114–115.

23. Soboleva S.V., Smirnova N.E., Chudaeva O.V. (2021). Features of the second stage of depopulation in Russia. In: Proceedings of the XX National Scientific Conference with international participation “Russia: trends and development prospects”. Moscow. Pp. 752–758.

24.Kalabikhina I.E. (2020). Measurement of time: a new paradigm of socio-demographic policy, Population, vol. 23, no. 2, pp. 37–50. DOI: 10.19181 /population.2020.23.2.4.

25. Baskakova M.E., Soboleva I.V. (2018). Balance of family and work: new opportunities in a digital economy, Population, vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 122–135.

Published

2021-12-24

Issue

Section

Social management

How to Cite

Zyryanova, M., & Popova, L. (2021). PERIODIZATION OF FAMILY AND DEMOGRAPHIC POLICY DEVELOPMENT IN POST-SOVIET RUSSIA. Management Issues, 73(6), 38-52. https://doi.org/10.22394/2304-3369-2021-6-38-52