ПОТЕНЦИАЛ ЦИФРОВИЗАЦИИ ЭКОСИСТЕМЫ ФИРМЫ
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22394/10.22394/2304-3369-2022-1-34-46Ключевые слова:
экосистемы фирмы, стейкхолдеры, ресурсы фирмы, цифровые технологии, потенциал цифровизацииАннотация
Стремительное развитие цифровых технологий изменило представления о бизнес-взаимодействиях, экосистемная парадигма управления фирмой стала рассматриваться как основа для развития и внедрения инноваций. Но в отечественной научной литературе пока нет обобщающих исследований по проблеме моделирования экосистемы фирмы.
Целью настоящего исследования является разработка формализованного потенциала цифровизации экосистемы фирмы. В качестве информационной базы выступили результаты научных исследований, опубликованные в виде статей в открытом доступе и проиндексированные в мировой базе данных Web of Science Core Collection за 2015–2021 гг.
В статье проведены анализ и критика предшествующих исследований, продемонстрировавший актуальность формулирования проблемы разработки формализованного потенциала цифровизации экосистемы фирмы. На основе авторской разработки о представлении акторов экосистемы в виде стейкхолдеров обозначены основные компоненты внешнего пространства фирмы: стейкхолдеры, ресурсы фирмы и сквозные цифровые технологии. Выделены основные факторы, формирующие потенциал цифровизации экосистемы фирмы. Стейкхолдеры экосистемы разделены на представителей бизнеса, органов власти, потребителей, образование и науку, масс-медиа. Ресурсы фирмы – это материальные, трудовые, финансовые и информационные ресурсы. Цифровые технологии: искусственный интеллект, аддитивные технологии, блокчейн, интернет вещей, робототехника, социальные сети, виртуальная реальность. Представлены различные направления применения формализованного потенциала цифровизации экосистемы фирмы: возможность оценки использования потенциала по различным направлениям; оценка влияния различных компонент экосистемы фирмы на развитие других ее элементов; разработка общей аналитической модели потенциала; оценка пороговых значений факторов развития потенциала цифровизации экосистемы фирмы; инструмент разработки стратегии развития экосистемы фирмы.
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REFERENCES
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4. Hein A., Schreieck M., Riasanow T., Set- zke D.S., Wiesche M., Bohm M., Krcmar H. (2020). Digital Platform Ecosystems, Electronic Markets, vol. 30, pp. 87–98.
5. Yonatany M. (2017). Platforms, Ecosystems, and the Internalization of Highly Digitized Organizations, Journal of Organization Design, vol. 6, no. 2,
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7. Li J., Chen L., Yi J., Mao J., Liao J. (2019). Ecosystem-Specific Advantages in International Dig- ital Commerce, Journal of International Business Studies, vol. 50, pp. 1448–1463.
8. Lippert K.J., Cloutier R. (2021). Cyberspace: A Digital Ecosystem, Systems, vol. 9, no. 48, pp. 1–20.
9. Thompson F.M., Brouthers K.D. (2021). Dig- ital Consumer Engagement: National Cultural Differences and Cultural Tightness, Journal of Interna- tional Marketing, vol. 29, no. 4, pp. 22–44.
10. Stepanova V.V., Ukhanova A.V., Grigorish- chin A.V., Yakhyaev D.B. (2019). Evaluating Digital Ecosystems in Russia’s Regions, Economic and So- cial Changes: Facts, Trends, Forecast, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 73–90.
11. Talmar M., Walrave B., Podoynitsyna K.S., Holmstrom J., Romme A.G.L. (2020). Mapping, An- alyzing and Designing Innovation Ecosystems: The Ecosystem Pie Model, Long Range Planning, vol. 53, no. 101850, pp. 1–9.
12. Lee A., Mackenzie A., Smith G.J.D., Box P. (2020). Mapping Platform Urbanism: Charting the Nuance of the Platform Pivot, Urban Planning, vol. 5, iss. 1, pp. 116–128.
13. Pierce P., Ricciardi F., Zardini A. (2017). Smart Cities as Organizational Fields: A Frame- work for Mapping Sustainability-Enabling Configu- rations, Sustainability, vol. 9, no. 1506, pp. 1–21.
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16. Kitchin R., Moore-Cherry N. (2020). Fragmented Governance, the Urban Data Ecosystem and Smart City Regions: The Case of Metropolitan Boston, Regional Studies. DOI: 10.1080/00343404.2 020.1735627.
17. Popov E.V., Dolzhenko R.A., Simonova V.L. (2021). Theory of ecosystem analysis, Management issues, no. 6, pp. 20–36.
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24. Gifford E., McKelvey M., Saemundsson R. (2020). The Evolution of Knowledge-Intensive Innovation Ecosystems: Co-Evolving Entrepreneurial Activity and Innovation Police in the West Swedish Maritime System, Industry and Innovation, pp. 1–27. DOI: 10.1080/13662716.2020.1856047.
25. Gifford E., McKelvey M., Saemundsson R. (2020). The Evolution of Knowledge-Intensive Innovation Ecosystems: Co-Evolving Entrepreneurial Activity and Innovation Police in the West Swedish Maritime System, Industry and Innovation, pp. 1–27. DOI: 10.1080/13662716.2020.1856047.
26. Giovanini A., Bittencourt P.F., Maldonado M.U. (2020). Innovation Ecosystem in Application Platforms: An Exploratory Study of the Role of Users, Revista Brasiliera de Inovacao, vol. 19, no. e020005, pp. 1–28.
27. Cantner U., Cunningham J.A., Lehmann E.E., Menter M. (2021). Entrepreneurial Ecosystems: A Dynamic Lifecycle Model, Small Business Economics, vol. 56, pp. 407–423.
28. Hamalainen M. Digital Transformation in the Helsinki Smart City. In: Ratten V. (ed.) (2020). En- trepreneurship and the Community: A Multidisciplinary Perspective on Creativity, Social Challenges, and Business. Springer. Pp. 63–86.
29. Hamalainen M. Digital Transformation in the Helsinki Smart City. In: Ratten V. (ed.) (2020). En- trepreneurship and the Community: A Multidisciplinary Perspective on Creativity, Social Challenges, and Business. Springer. Pp. 63–86.
30. Karaboga T., Gurol Y.D., Binici C.M., Sarp P. (2021). Sustainable Digital Talent Ecosystem in the New Era: Impacts on Businesses, Governments and Universities, Istanbul Business research, vol. 49, no. 2, pp. 360–379.
31. Stam E., Ven A. (2021). Entrepreneurial Ecosystem Elements, Small Business Economics, vol. 56, pp. 809–832.
32. Elberzhager F., Mennig P., Polst S., Scherr S., Stupfert P. (2021). Towards a Digital Ecosystem for a Smart City District: Procedure, Results, and Lessons Learned, Smart Cities, vol. 4, pp. 686–716.
33. Engin Z., Dijk J., Lan T., Longley P.A., Tre- leaven P., Batty M., Penn A. (2020). Data-Driven Ur- ban Management: Mapping the Landscape, Journal of Urban Management, vol. 9, pp. 140–150.
34. Beltagui A., Rosli A., Candi M. (2020). Exap- tation in a Digital Innovation Ecosystem: The Dis- ruptive Impacts of 3D Printing, Research Police, vol. 49, no. 103833, pp. 1–15.
35. Kundu D. (2019). Blockchain and Trust in a Smart City, Environment and Urbanization Asia, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 31–43.
36. Chambers J., Evans J. (2020). Informal Urban- ism, and the Internet of Things: Reliability, Trust, and the Reconfiguration of Infrastructure, Urban Studies, vol. 57, no. 14, pp. 2918–2935.
37. Macrorie R., Marvin S., While A. (2021). Robotics and Automation in the City: A Research Agenda, Urban Geography, vol. 42, no. 2, pp. 197–217.
38. Hajikhani A. (2020). Impact of Entre- preneurial Ecosystem Discussion in Smart Cities: Comprehensive Assessment of Social Media Data, Smart Cities, vol. 3, pp. 112–137.
39. Nyamaka A.T., Botha A., Biljon J.V., Ma- rais M.A. (2020). The Components of an Innovation Ecosystem Framework for Botswana’s Mobile Applications The Electronic Journal of Information Systems in Developing Countries, vol. 86, iss. 6, no. e12137, pp. 1–23.
40. Nochta N., Wan L., Schooling J.M., Par- likad A.K. (2021). A Socio-Technical Perspective on Urban Analytics: The Case of City-Scale Digital Twins, Journal of Urban Technology, vol. 28, no. 1-2, pp. 263–287.
