‘DEMOGRAPHIC’ FACTOR OF FERTILITY: ASSESSING TERRITORIAL POTENTIALON THE EXAMPLE OF THE NIZHNY NOVGOROD REGION

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22394/2304-3369-2024-4-25-40

Keywords:

fertility factors, sex and age structure, marriage structure of the population, reproductive potential

Abstract

Introduction. Despite the implementation of serious measures in the framework of state family policy to stabilise the demographic situation, it remains difficult in most regions. This is due, firstly, to the new chal- lenges the country is facing, and secondly, to the complexity of the very processes that need to be controlled. Population size, being a complex quantitative indicator of the stability of society, is determined by a number of demographic processes, among which fertility remains the main one. The number of studies attempting to identify the factors determining fertility trends is growing. All of them demonstrate the complexity and multifactorial nature of the process and the changes taking place. More and more often attention is paid to the demographic characteristics (sex-age and marriage structure) of the population as a starting point from which to begin the assessment of the territory and its reproductive potential.

Nizhny Novgorod region, being a typical Russian region, has been demonstrating an unfavourable sce- nario of demographic situation development in recent decades. The article attempts to describe and assess the reproductive potential of the region, to identify the possibilities and limitations of fertility growth in the current conditions, based on the analysis of the ‘demographic’ factor.

Materials and methods. The analysis and conclusions are based on the data of the Federal State Statistics Service on demographic processes in Russia and the region for 1990-2023 (population size, birth rate, mar- riage rate, divorce rate), as well as on the data of regional sociological studies on fertility and family/repro- ductive behaviour.

Results and discussion. The results of the study provide little basis for a favourable forecast in the region. On the one hand, the sex and age structure of the population is not yet characterised by disproportion in fertile ages, except for the oldest groups. However, there is a high probability of its appearance in younger ages under current conditions. In addition, active and potential fertile groups of women are significantly smaller than older groups. The marriage structure is becoming more stable, but with a high probability of divorce, acceptability of cohabitation, and a shift of births to older groups. The studies record a persistent gap between the desired and actual number of children in different socio-demographic groups, which, from the authors' point of view, is important and requires careful research to correctly stimulate fertility.

KEYWORDS: fertility factors, sex and age structure, marriage structure of the population, reproductive potential

Author Biographies

  • Nadezhda Yu. Egorova, National Re- search Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod

    Advanced Doctor in Sociological Sciences, Associate Professor; National Re- search Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod (23, Gagarin Av., Nizhny Novgorod, 603950, Russia) — professor of the Department of General Sociology and Social Work; nadegorova@yandex.ru. RSCI SPIN: 2756-2705, ORCID: 0000-0002-5914-8021

  • Irina V. Sitnikova, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod

    Ph.D. of Sociological Sciences; National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod (23, Gagarin Av., Nizhny Novgorod, 603950, Russia) — associate professor of the Department of Industrial and Applied Sociology; april@fsn.unn.ru. RSCI SPIN: 6437-9284, ORCID: 0000-0002-8138-3116

References

1.РОСТОВСКАЯ Т. К., САРАЛИЕВА З. Х. М. Ценностные ориентации молодежи Нижегородской области (результаты регионального социологического исследования) // Вестник ВЭГУ. 2018. № 3 (95). С. 89–96. EDN XRECGL. № 3 (95). С. 89–96. EDN XRECGL.

2. САРАЛИЕВА З. Х., БАЛАБАНОВ С. С. Дети как жизненная ценность россиян // Россия реформирующаяся. 2009. № 8. С. 390–403. EDN PBTJFZ.

3. JEFFERs, K., EsTEVE, A., & BATvRA, E. (2024).Non-family Living Arrangements Among Young Adults in the United States. European Journal of Population, 40(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10680-024-09696-5.

4. АРХАНГЕЛЬСКИЙ В. Н., ВАСИЛЬЕВА Е. Н., ВАСИЛЬЕВА А. Е. Репродуктивные намерения со- временной российской молодежи и оценка возможностей их реализации // Logos et Praxis. 2021. Т. 20, № 3. С. 93–111. DOI 10.15688/lp. jvolsu.2021.3.10. EDN CVYOCN.

5. АРХАНГЕЛЬСКИЙ В. Н., БОГДАН И. В., КАЛАЧИКОВА О. Н., ЧИСТЯКОВА Д. П. Особенности репродуктивного поведения жительниц Москвы // Экономические и социальные перемены: факты, тенденции, прогноз. 2023. Т. 16, № 3. С. 231–246. DOI 10.15838/esc.2023.3.87.12. EDN NDVBGU.

6. HELLSTRAND, J., NISÉN, J., & MvRSKvLÄ, M. (2022). Less Partnering, Less Children, or Both? Analysis of the Drivers of First Birth Decline in Finland Since 2010. European Journal of Population, 38(2), 191–221. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10680-022-09605-8.

7. РУСАНОВА Н. Е., ОЖИГАНОВА А. А. Репродуктивные стратегии российских женщин: результаты пилотного опроса // Народонаселение. 2022. Т. 25, № 4. С. 55–67. DOI 10.19181/populati on.2022.25.4.5. EDN VFYDZC.

8. УШАКОВА Я. В., ЗЕРНОВ Д. В. Семья и дети в контексте репродуктивного здоровья молодежи //Национальные демографические приоритеты: новые подходы, тенденции / под ред. Т. К. Ростовской, С. В. Рязанцева. Москва : Издательство «Экон-Информ», 2019. С. 340–343. EDN WQUYJZ.

9. ЗАХАРОВ С. В. Население России 2019: двадцать седьмой ежегодный демографический доклад: Монография. Москва : Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики», 2022. 344 с. DOI 10.17323/978-5- 7598-2554-8. EDN FKJKMO.

10. КОЗЛОВА О. А., ЛЕВИНА Е. И. Роль социально- экономических факторов в формировании демографических процессов: эволюция теоретических концепций // Журнал экономической теории. 2019. Т. 16, № 1. С. 144–153. DOI 10.31063/2073-6517/2019.16-1.13. EDN DHZGMO.

11. SCHERER, S., & BRINI, E. (2023). Employment Instability and Childbirth over the Last 20 Years in Italy. European Journal of Population, 39(1), Article 31. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10680-023-09680-5.

12. СИНЕЛЬНИКОВ А. Б. Демографический переход и семейно-демографическая политика // Социологические исследования. 2021. № 10. С. 83–93. DOI 10.31857/S013216250017168-7. EDN AREWXI.

13. АРХАНГЕЛЬСКИЙ В. Н., ЗИНЬКИНА Ю. В., КОРОТАЕВ А. В., ШУЛЬГИН С. Г. Современные тенденции рождаемости в России и влияние мер государственной поддержки // Социологические исследования. 2017. № 3 (395). С. 43–50. EDN YMFZPN.

14. ВИШНЕВСКИЙ А. Г., ЗАХАРОВ С. В., ЩЕPБАКОВА Е. М. Население России 2018: двадцать шестой ежегодный демографический доклад : Монография. Москва : Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики», 2020. 352 с. DOI 10.17323/978-5-7598-2326-1. EDN RBXWPQ.

15. ЗАХАРОВ С. В. Скромные демографические результаты пронаталистской политики в контексте долговременной эволюции рождаемости в России. Часть 2 // Демографическое обозрение. 2016. Т. 3, № 4. С. 6–26. EDN YNVXPN.

16. СИНЕЛЬНИКОВ А. Б. Что повысит рождаемостьльготы и пособия для семей с детьми или демографическая саморегуляция? // Социологический журнал. 2020. Т. 26, № 2. С. 174–182. DOI 10.19181/socjour.2020.26.2.7272. EDN QFHKWU.

17. BALBO, N., BILLARI, F. C., & MILLS, M. (2012). Fertility in advanced societies: A review of research. European Journal of Population, 29(1), 1–38. https:// doi.org/10.1007/s10680-012-9277-y.

18. ЖУРАВЛЕВА Т. Л., ГАВРИЛОВА Я. А. Анализ факторов рождаемости в России: что говорят данные РМЭЗ НИУ ВШЭ? // Экономический журнал Высшей школы экономики. 2017. Т. 21, № 1. С. 145–187. EDN YMIQTF.

19. ЗЫРЯНОВА М. А. Демографические причины нового этапа снижения рождаемости в се- верных регионах России // Север и рынок: формирование экономического порядка. 2021. Т. 24, № 3 (73). С. 104–117. DOI 10.37614/2220- 802X.3.2021.73.007. EDN LWIRYM.

20. СИНЕЛЬНИКОВ А. Б. Обособление поколений в семьях как фактор снижения рождаемости // Социологические исследования. 2022.№ 5. С. 36–48. DOI 10.31857/S013216250020195-7. EDN FODWFN.

21. RAAB, M., & STRuFFOLINO, E. (2019). The Heterogeneity of Partnership Trajectories to Child- lessness in Germany. European Journal of Popula- tion, 36(1), 53–70. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10680- 019-09519-y.

22. ZIMMERMANN, O. (2021). Is Early Partnership Formation Instrumental for Fertility in Germany?: Influences of Fertility Orientations on Partnership Transitions. Comparative Population Studies, 46. https://doi.org/10.12765/cpos-2021-01.

23. FOSTIK, A., FERNÁNDEZ SOTO, M., RuIZ-VAL-LEJO, F., & CIGANDA, D. (2023). Union Instability and Fertility: An International Perspective. European Journal of Population, 39(1), Article 25. https://doi. org/10.1007/s10680-023-09668-1.

24. СИНЕЛЬНИКОВ А. Б. Трансформация брака и рождаемость в России // Народонаселение. 2019. № 2. С. 26–39. DOI 10.24411/1561-7785-2019-00013. EDN FDDUOL.

25. АРХАНГЕЛЬСКИЙ В. Н. Динамика рождаемости в России: детерминанты и возможные перспективы // Международный демографический форум «Демография и глобальные вызовы» : Материалы форума (Воронеж, 30 сентября – 2 октября 2021 г.) / под ред. Н. В. Яковенко. Воронеж: Цифровая полиграфия, 2021. С. 24–31. EDN OGRRAH.

26. КАЗЕНИН К. И. Влияние миграции на рождаемость: сопоставление имеющихся гипотез на материале Северного Кавказа // Народонаселение. 2018. Т. 21, № 1. С. 48–59. DOI 10.26653/1561-7785-2018-21-1-04. EDN XQCXJJ.

27. КОРОЛЕНКО А. В. Факторы демографического развития России: опыт исследования панельных данных // Проблемы развития территории. 2019. № 5 (103). С. 170–188. DOI 10.15838/ ptd.2019.5.103.11. EDN LCZQBP.

28. РОСТОВСКАЯ Т. К., ШАБУНОВА А. А., АБДУЛЬ-ЗЯНОВ А. Р. Демографическое самочувствие регионов России: национальный демографический доклад - 2021 : Монография. Москва : Издательство торговый Дом «ПЕРСПЕКТИВА», 2021. 138 с. DOI 10.19181/monogr.978-5-89697-369-0.2021. EDN BGLITQ.

29. РОСТОВСКАЯ Т. К., ШАБУНОВА А. А., АБДУЛЬ-ЗЯНОВ А. Р. Демографическое самочувствие регионов России. Национальный демографический доклад - 2022 : Монография. Москва : Издательско-торговый Дом «ПЕРСПЕКТИВА», 2022. 220 с. DOI 10.19181/monogr.978-5-88045-556-0.2022. EDN URJOYC.

30. САРАЛИЕВА З. Х. М., ЕГОРОВА Н. Ю., РЯБИНСКАЯ Е. С. Брак и семья студентов в условиях трансформации // Вестник Южно-Российского государственного технического университета (НПИ). Серия: Социально-экономические науки. 2022. Т. 15, № 1. С. 193–208. DOI 10.17213/2075-2067-2022-1-193-208. EDN DOOJAQ.

REFERENCES

1. ROSTOVSKAvA, T. K., & SARALIEVA, Z. KH. M. (2018). Value orientations of the youth of Nizhny Novgorod region (results of regional sociological research). Vestnik VEGU, (3), 89–96. https://elibrary. ru/xrecgl.

2. SARALIEVA, Z. KH., & BALABANOV, S. S. (2009). Children as a vital value for Russians. Russia Reform- ing, (8), 390–403. https://elibrary.ru/pbtjfz.

3. JEFFERS, K., ESTEVE, A., & BATvRA, E. (2024). Non-family Living Arrangements Among Young Adults in the United States. European Journal of Population, 40(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10680-024-09696-5.

4. ARKHANGELSKV, V. N., VASILVEVA, E. N., & VASI- LVEVA, A. E. (2021). Reproductive intentions of mod- ern Russian youth and assessment of the possibilities of their realization. Logos et Praxis, 20(3), 93–111. https://doi.org/10.15688/lp.jvolsu.2021.3.10.

5. ARKHANGELSKV, V. N., BOGDAN, I. V., KALACHI- KOVA, O. N., & CHISTVAKOVA, D. P. (2023). Peculiari- ties of reproductive behavior of Moscow residents. Ekonomicheskie i Sotsial’nye Peremeny: Fakty, Ten- dentsii, Prognoz, 16(3), 231–246. https://doi.org/10.15838/esc.2023.3.87.12.

6. HELLSTRAND, J., NISÉN, J., & MvRSKvLÄ, M. (2022). Less Partnering, Less Children, or Both? Analysis of the Drivers of First Birth Decline in Finland Since 2010. European Journal of Population, 38(2), 191–221. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10680-022-09605-8.

7. RuSANOVA, N. E., & OZHIGANOVA, A. A. (2022). Reproductive strategies of Russian women: Results of the pilot survey. Population, 25(4), 55–67. https://doi.org/10.19181/population.2022.25.4.5.

8. USHAKOVA, YA. V., & ZERNOV, D. V. (2019). Fam-ily and children in the context of reproductive health of youth. In T. K. Rostovskaya, & S. V. Ry- azantsev (Eds.) National demographic priorities: New approaches, trends (pp. 340–343). Publishing House “Ekon-Inform”. https://elibrary.ru/wquyjz.

9. ZAKHAROV, S. V. (2022). Population of Russia 2019: Twenty-seventh annual demographic report. National Research University Higher School of Eco- nomics. https://doi.org/10.17323/978-5-7598-2554-8.

10. KOZLOVA, O. A., & LEVINA, E. I. (2019). Therole of social and economic factors in formation of

demographic processes: Evolution of theoretical concepts. Russian Journal of Economic Theory, 16(1), 144–153. https://doi.org/10.31063/2073-6517/2019.16-1.13.

11. SCHERER, S., & BRINI, E. (2023). Employment Instability and Childbirth over the Last 20 Years in Italy. European Journal of Population, 39(1), Arti- cle 31. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10680-023-09680-5.

12. SINELNIKOV, A. B. (2021). Demographic tran- sition and family-demographic policy. Sotsiologich- eskie Issledovaniya, (10), 83–93. https://doi.org/ 10.31857/S013216250017168-7.

13. ARKHANGELSKV, V. N., ZINKINA, Yu. V., KORO- TAEV, A. V., & SHULGIN, S. G. (2017). Modern fertility trends in Russia and the impact of the pro-natalist policies. Sotsiologicheskie Issledovaniya, (3), 43–50. https://elibrary.ru/ymfzpn.

14. VISHNEVSKV, A. G., ZAKHAROV, S. V., & SHCHER-

BAKOVA, E. M. (2020). Population of Russia 2018: Twenty-sixth annual demographic report. National Research University Higher School of Economics. https://doi.org/10.17323/978-5-7598-2326-1.

15. ZAKHAROV, S. V. (2016). Modest demographic results of the pronatalist family policy in the context of long-term evolution of fertility in Russia. Part 2. Demographic Review, 3(4), 6–26. https://elibrary. ru/ynvxpn.

16. SINELNIKOV, A. B. (2020). What will increase the birth rate - benefits for families with children or demographic self-regulation?. Sociological Journal, 26(2), 174–182. https://doi.org/10.19181/socjour.2020.26.2.7272.

17. BALBO, N., BILLARI, F. C., & MILLS, M. (2012). Fertility in advanced societies: A review of research. European Journal of Population, 29(1), 1–38. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10680-012-9277-y.

18. ZHURAVLEVA, T. L., & GAVRILOVA, Y. A. (2017). Analysis of fertility determinants in Russia: What do RLMS data say?. Higher School of Economics Economic Journal, 21(1), 145–187. https://elibrary. ru/ymiqtf.

19. ZVRVANOVA, M. A. (2021). The demographic reasons of new period of fertility decline in the North- ern Regions of Russia. The North and the Market: Forming the Economic Order, 24(3), 104–117. https:// doi.org/10.37614/2220-802X.3.2021.73.007.

20. SINELNIKOV, A. B. (2022). Separation of gen- erations in families as a factor for reducing birth rate. Sotsiologicheskie Issledovaniya, (5), 36–48. https://doi.org/10.31857/S013216250020195-7.

21. RAAB, M., & STRUFFOLINO, E. (2019). The Heterogeneity of Partnership Trajectories to Child- lessness in Germany. European Journal of Popula- tion, 36(1), 53–70. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10680- 019-09519-y.

22. ZIMMERMANN, O. (2021). Is Early Partnership Formation Instrumental for Fertility in Germany?: Influences of Fertility Orientations on Partnership Transitions. Comparative Population Studies, 46. https://doi.org/10.12765/cpos-2021-01.

23. FOSTIK, A., FERNÁNDEZ SOTO, M., RuIZ-VALLEJO, F., & CIGANDA, D. (2023). Union Instability and Fertility: An International Perspective. Europe- an Journal of Population, 39(1), Article 25. https:// doi.org/10.1007/s10680-023-09668-1.

24. SINELNIKOV, A. B. (2019). Transformation of marriage and fertility in Russia. Population, (2), 26–39. https://doi.org/10.24411/1561-7785-2019-00013.

25. ARKHANGELSKV, V. N. (2021). Fertility dynam- ics in Russia: Determinants and possible prospects. In N. V. Yakovenko (Ed.) International Demograph- ic Forum “Demography and Global Challenges” (pp. 24–31). Digital printing. https://elibrary.ru/ ogrrah.

26. KAZENIN, K. I. (2018). Impact of migration on fertility: Key hypotheses facing evidence from North Caucasus. Population, 21(1), 48–59. https:// doi.org/10.26653/1561-7785-2018-21-1-04.

27. KOROLENKO, A. V. (2019). Factors contributing to Russia’s demographic development: Panel data research experience. Problems of Territory’s Devel- opment, (5), 170–188. https://doi.org/10.15838/ ptd.2019.5.103.11.

28. ROSTOVSKAVA, T. K., SHABUNOVA, A. A., & ABDULZVANOV, A. R. (2021). Demographic well- being of Russian regions: National demographic report - 2021. Publishing and trading house “PER- SPECTIVE”. https://doi.org/10.19181/monogr.978- 5-89697-369-0.2021.

29. ROSTOVSKAVA, T. K., SHABUNOVA, A. A., & ABDULZVANOV, A. R. (2022). Demographic health of Russian regions. National Demographic Report - 2022. Publishing and trading house “PERSPEC- TIVE”. https://doi.org/10.19181/monogr.978-5- 88045-556-0.2022.

30. SARALIEVA, Z. KH. M., EGOROVA, N. YU., & RVABINSKAVA, E. S. (2022). Marriage and family of students during transformation. Bulletin of the South-Russian State Technical University (NPI). Se- ries: Socio-Economic Sciences, 15(1), 193–208. https://doi.org/10.17213/2075-2067-2022-1-193-208.

Published

2025-03-26

Issue

Section

Social management

How to Cite

Egorova, N. Y., & Sitnikova , I. V. (2025). ‘DEMOGRAPHIC’ FACTOR OF FERTILITY: ASSESSING TERRITORIAL POTENTIALON THE EXAMPLE OF THE NIZHNY NOVGOROD REGION. Management Issues, 18(4). https://doi.org/10.22394/2304-3369-2024-4-25-40