СОПОСТАВИТЕЛЬНЫЙ АНАЛИЗ ИТАЛЬЯНСКИХ И РОССИЙСКИХ МЕР ПОДДЕРЖКИ ЦИФРОВИЗАЦИИ МАЛОГО И СРЕДНЕГО ПРЕДПРИНИМАТЕЛЬСТВА
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22394/2304-3369-2021-2-61-77Ключевые слова:
малое и среднее предпринимательство, Италия, Россия, Индустрия 4.0, инновация, дополнительное финансирование, развитие регионовАннотация
Цель исследования заключается в сравнительном анализе основных мер, введенных Италией и Российской Федерацией для поддержки цифровой трансформации малых и средних предприятий (МСП).
Методы. В исследовании собраны данные из итальянских, европейских и российских источников для проведения полноценного сравнительного анализа, основанного на кабинетном исследовании последних финансовых мер, способствующих цифровизации МСП. Эмпирические данные деятельности МСП позволяют сделать выводы об эффективности и действенности национальных мер поддержки.
Полученные результаты. Решающая роль МСП в стимулировании роста и благосостояния признается на разных уровнях в обеих странах. Однако анализ фактов и цифр указывает на отсутствие стратегического и комплексного подхода, а также на колеблющуюся тенденцию поддержки МСП со стороны России, которая отстает от среднего показателя по ЕС в различных областях, включая цифровизацию. Соответственно, итальянский опыт может помочь России в различных областях,
таких как разработка стратегии таргетирования и целевых стратегий, облегчение доступа к финансированию, социально-экономические реформы и внедрение технологий Индустрии 4.0 через
предпринимательские ассоциации.
Научная новизна. Рассматривая опыт Италии, определены возможности его заимствования Российской Федерацией. Сравнительное исследование позволяет провести глубокую критическую оценку реализации конкретных мер, следовательно, дополнительная ценность данной работы для
обеих рассмотренных стран, заключается в возможности перенимать чужой опыт.
Библиографические ссылки
1. UNCTAD. Improving the competitiveness of SMEs through enhancing productive capacity, Proceedings of Four Expert Meetings. New York and Geneva: United Nations, 2015. URL: https://unctad.org/en/Docs/iteteb20051_en.pdf.
2. Moeuf A., Pellerin R., Lamouri S., TamayoGiraldo S., Barbaray R. (2018). The industrial management of SMEs in the era of Industry 4.0, International Journal of Production Research, no. 3 (56), pp. 1118–1136.
3. Danilin I.V. (2018). Emerging technologies development: challenges for the science, technology and innovation policies, MGIMO Review of International Relations, no. 6 (63), pp.255–270.
4. EC. SBA Fact Sheet. Italy. 2018.
5. Program “Digital Economy of the Russian Federation”. Order no. 1632p of the Government of the Russian Federation dated July 28, 2017. URL: http://static.government.ru/media/files/9gFM4FHj4PsB79I5v7yLVuPgu4bvR7M0.pdf.
6. Digilina O., Teslenko I., Abdullayev N. (2019). Prospects for digitalization of the Russian economy. In: Proceedings of the 2nd International Scientific conference on New Industrialization: global, national, regional dimension (SICNI 2018). Atlantis Press.
7. Tsinchenko G.M., Orlova I.S. (2019). State policy in the sphere of small and medium-sized business development, Management Issues, no. 3 (58). URL: http://journal-management.com/en/issue/2020/03/15.
8. Druker P.F. (2009). Innovation and Entrepreneurship. New York, Harper Collins.
9. OECD. Enhancing the contributions of SMEs in a global and digitalised economy Paris: OECD Publishing, 2017. URL: https://www.oecd.org/industry/C-MIN-2017-8-EN.pdf.
10. Kagermann H., Wahlster W., Helbig J. (2013). Recommendations for implementing the strategic initiative INDUSTRIE 4.0. Final report of the Industrie 4.0 Working Group. Frankfurt am Main: Acatech. URL: https://www.din.de/blob/76902/e8cac883f42bf28536e7e8165993f1fd/recommendationsfor-implementing-industry-4-0-data.pdf.
11. Schröder C. (2016). The Challenges of Industry 4.0 for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises. Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung.
12. World Economic Forum. White paper. Accelerating the Impact of Industrial IoT in Small and Medium‑Sized Enterprises. A Protocol for Action. Geneva: WEF, 2019. URL: http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_Accelerating_the_Impact_of_IIoT.pdf.
13. Bellandi M.D., Propris L., Santini E. (2019). Industry 4.0 challenges to local productive systems and place-based integrated industrial policies. In: Bianchi P., Ruiz Duràn C., Labory S. (eds.) Transforming Industrial Policy for the Digital Age: Production, Territories and Structural Change. Cheltenam: Edward Elgar Pub.
14. St. Petersburg International Economic Forum (SPIEF). Developing small business. 2019. URL: https://roscongress.org/en/sessions/eef-2019-rossiyaevropa-/discussion/.
15. EC. Commission Recommendation of 6 May 2003 concerning the definition of micro, small and medium-sized enterprises [notified under document number C(2003) 1422], Official Journal of the European Union. URL: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legalcontent/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32003H0361&from=EN.
16. ISTAT. Capitolo 14. Imprese. 2018. URL: https://www.istat.it/it/files//2018/12/C14.pdf.
17. Lee J., Kao H.A., Yang S. (2014). Service innovation and smart analytics for industry 4.0 and big data environment, Procedia CIRp, no. 16, pp. 3–8.
18. Deloitte, Italia 4.0. Siamo pronti? 2018. URL: https://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/Deloitte/i
t/Documents/process-and-operations/Report%20Italia%204.0%20siamo%20pronti_Deloitte%20Italy.pdf.
19. MISE-MET. La Diffusione delle Imprese 4.0 e le Politiche. 2018. URL: https://www.mise.gov.it/images/stories/documenti/Rapporto-MiSEMetI40.pdf.
20. About Development of Small and Medium Entrepreneurship in the Russian Federation. Federal Law no. 209-FZ dated July 24, 2007. URL: https://cis-legislation.com/document.fwx?rgn=17873.
21. OECD. Financing SMEs and Entrepreneurs 2020: An OECD Scoreboard. Paris: OECD Publishing, 2020.
22. Basareva V.G. (2017). Small businesses in a system of measures aimed at recovering the trajectory of economic growth, Studies on Russian Economic Development, no. 5 (28), pp. 521–527.
23. Shirokova G., Vega G., Sokolova L. (2013). Performance of Russian SMEs: exploration, exploitation and strategic entrepreneurship, Critical perspectives on international business, no. 1/2 (9),
pp. 173–203.
24. Faltsman V.K. (2020). On Overcoming Russia’s Challenges, Studies on Russian Economic Development, no. 1 (31), pp. 44–51.
25. Dobrolyubova E., Alexandrov O., Yefremov A. (2018). Is Russia Ready for Digital Transformation? In: Alexandrov D., Boukhanovsky A., Chugunov A., Kabanov Y., Koltsova O. (eds.) Digital Transformation and Global Society. Cham: Springer.
26. Stull M. (2011). Cash flow, the oxygen of business. San Bernardino: Daily Bulletin, California State University.
27. Schwab K. (ed.) (2019). The Global Competitiveness Report. Geneva: World Economic Forum. URL:
http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_TheGlobalCompetitivenessReport2019.pdf.
28. Dugnani R. (2012). Cos’è la finanza agevolata. IPSOA.
29. EC. EU funding programmes 2014–2020. URL: https://ec.europa.eu/info/s tra tegy/eubudget/spending/topic/eu-funding-programmes2014-2020_en.
30. Eurostat. Smarter, greener, more inclusive? Indicators to support the Europe 2020 strategy. 2019.
31. Salimbeni A.P. (2019). Fondi europei 2021–2027. Politica di coesione, guida al negoziato sul bilancio UE. URL: https://web.uniroma1.it/bibbarone/sites/default/files/fondi%20europei.pdf.
32. Pes G.N., Porretta P. (2016). Microfinance, EU Structural Funds and Capacity Building for Managing Authorities. A Comparative Analysis of European Convergence Regions. UK: Palgrave Macmillan.
33. EC. HORIZON 2020 IN FULL SWING. Three Years On: Key facts and figures 2014–2016. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2018.
34. EC. SMEs. Horizon 2020. URL: https://ec.europa.eu/programmes/horizon2020/en/area/smes.
35. Lucchese M., Nascia L., Pianta M. (2016). Industrial policy and technology in Italy, ISI Growth, Working Paper., no. 2. URL: http://www.isigrowth.eu/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/working_paper_2016_2.pdf.
36. Camera dei Deputati Servizio Studi, Impresa 4.0. 2019. URL: https://www.camera.it/temiap/documentazione/temi/pdf/1105008.pdf_1563382635341.
37. Smart Specialization Platform, Digital Innovation Hubs. URL: https://s3platform.jrc.ec.europa.eu/digital-innovation-hubs.
38. Crupi A., Del Sarto N., Di Minin A., Gregori G.L., Lepore D., Marinelli L., Spigarelli F. (2020). The digital transformation of SMEs – a new knowledge broker called the digital innovation hub, Journal of Knowledge Management, no. 6 (24), pp. 1263–1288.
39. Marche Region. Regional law 20/03: codified text on norms related to industrial, craft and production services matters. 2003. URL: https://www.tuttocamere.it/files/regione/MARCHE_2003_20_B.pdf.
40. Marche Region. Bando impresa lavoro 4.0. 2018. URL: https://www.regione.marche.it/Newsed-Eventi/Post/47568/Online-il-Bando-Impresa-eLavoro-4-0.
41. Decree of the Italian Minister of the economic development on the recognition of the complex industrial crisis area of the Fermo – Macerata district. 2018. URL: https://www.mise.gov.it/images/stories/documenti/allegati/crisi/01_DM_12-1-2018.pdf.
42. OECD. Russian Federation: Key Issues and Policies, OECD Studies on SMEs and Entrepreneurship. Paris: OECD Publishing, 2015.
43. Akulich O. (2020). Sostegno finanziario alle piccole e medie imprese nell’UE e in Russia: analisi comparativa, Economia e Diritto, Analisi, spunti e riflessioni su temi economico-giuridici, no. 12 (68). URL: https://www.economiaediritto.it/sostegnofinanziario-alle-pmi-nellue-e-in-russia-analisicomparativa/.
44. EuropeanInvestment Bank. Small and Medium Entrepreneurship in Russia. EIB: Luxembourg, 2013. URL: https://www.eib.org/attachments/efs/econ_study_small_and_medium_entrepreneurship_in_russia_en.pdf.
45. Centre for entrepreneurship. SMEs and local development. Review of SME and Entrepreneurship Issues and Policies in the Russian Federation CFE/SME(2013)9/FINAL. OECD, 2015.
46. Analytical center for the government of the Russian Federation. The Digital Economy national program was officially presented at the Open Innovations forum. 2018. URL: https://ac.gov.ru/en/news/page/the-digital-economy-national-programwas-officially-presented-at-the-open-innovationsforum-18558.
47. Mikhailovskaia E., Shavshina W., Sizova K. The new “SPIC 2.0” mechanism becomes law. DLA PIPER, 2019. URL: https://www.dlapiper.com/en/russia/insights/publications/2019/08/spic/.
48. Sitnikov A., Vasyukhnova A., Gasparyan A., Grigoryev M., Abtseshko N. SPIC 2.0: Mechanism for development of innovations and introduction of modern technologies. Vegas Lex, 2019.
49. The Russian Government. The 5th Gaidar Forum. 2014. URL: http://government.ru/en/news/9741/.
50. Dias A., Teixeira A.A.C. (2017). The anatomy of business failure: A qualitative account of its implications for future business success, European Journal of Management and Business Economics, no. 1 (26), pp. 2–20.
51. Opora Russia. RSBI Opora Index Small and Medium-sized Businesses. 2019.
52. SPIEF. New Investment Policy Mechanisms: Engines of Growth, Key conclusions. 2018. URL: https://roscongress.org/en/sessions/novyemekhanizmy-investitsionnoy-politiki-lokomotivyrosta/discussion/.
SMEs through enhancing productive capacity, Proceedings of Four Expert Meetings. New York and Geneva: United Nations, 2015. URL: https://unctad.org/en/Docs/iteteb20051_en.pdf.
2. Moeuf A., Pellerin R., Lamouri S., TamayoGiraldo S., Barbaray R. (2018). The industrial management of SMEs in the era of Industry 4.0, International Journal of Production Research, no. 3 (56), pp. 1118–1136.
3. Danilin I.V. (2018). Emerging technologies development: challenges for the science, technology and innovation policies, MGIMO Review of International Relations, no. 6 (63), pp. 255–270.
4. EC. SBA Fact Sheet. Italy. 2018.
5. Program “Digital Economy of the Russian Federation”. Order no. 1632p of the Government of the Russian Federation dated July 28, 2017. URL: http://static.government.ru/media/files/9gFM4FHj4PsB79I5v7yLVuPgu4bvR7M0.pdf.
6. Digilina O., Teslenko I., Abdullayev N. (2019).
Prospects for digitalization of the Russian economy. In: Proceedings of the 2nd International Scientific conference on New Industrialization: global,
national, regional dimension (SICNI 2018). Atlantis Press.
7. Tsinchenko G.M., Orlova I.S. (2019). State policy in the sphere of small and medium-sized business development, Management Issues, no. 3 (58). URL: http://journal-management.com/en/issue/2020/03/15.
8. Druker P.F. (2009). Innovation and Entrepreneurship. New York, Harper Collins.
9. OECD. Enhancing the contributions of SMEs in a global and digitalised economy Paris: OECD Publishing, 2017. URL: https://www.oecd.org/industry/C-MIN-2017-8-EN.pdf.
10. Kagermann H., Wahlster W., Helbig J. (2013).
Recommendations for implementing the strategic
initiative INDUSTRIE 4.0. Final report of the Industrie 4.0 Working Group. Frankfurt am Main: Acatech. URL: https://www.din.de/blob/76902/e8cac8
83f42bf28536e7e8165993f1fd/recommendationsfor-implementing-industry-4-0-data.pdf.
11. Schröder C. (2016). The Challenges of Industry 4.0 for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises. Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung.
12. World Economic Forum. White paper. Accelerating the Impact of Industrial IoT in Small and Medium‑Sized Enterprises. A Protocol for Action. Geneva: WEF, 2019. URL: http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_Accelerating_the_Impact_of_IIoT.pdf.
13. Bellandi M.D., Propris L., Santini E. (2019). Industry 4.0 challenges to local productive systems and place-based integrated industrial policies. In: Bianchi P., Ruiz Duràn C., Labory S. (eds.) Transforming Industrial Policy for the Digital Age: Production, Territories and Structural Change. Cheltenam: Edward Elgar Pub.
14. St. Petersburg International Economic Forum (SPIEF). Developing small business. 2019. URL: https://roscongress.org/en/sessions/eef-2019-rossiyaevropa-/discussion/.
15. EC. Commission Recommendation of 6 May 2003 concerning the definition of micro, small and medium-sized enterprises [notified under document number C(2003) 1422], Official Journal of the European Union. URL: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legalcontent/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32003H0361&from=EN.
16. ISTAT. Capitolo 14. Imprese. 2018. URL: https://www.istat.it/it/files//2018/12/C14.pdf.
17. Lee J., Kao H.A., Yang S. (2014). Service innovation and smart analytics for industry 4.0 and big data environment, Procedia CIRp, no. 16, pp. 3–8.
18. Deloitte, Italia 4.0. Siamo pronti? 2018. URL:
19. MISE-MET. La Diffusione delle Imprese 4.0 e le Politiche. 2018. URL: https://www.mise.gov.it/images/stories/documenti/Rapporto-MiSEMetI40.pdf.
20. About Development of Small and Medium
Entrepreneurship in the Russian Federation. Federal Law no. 209-FZ dated July 24, 2007. URL: https://cis-legislation.com/document.fwx?rgn=17873.
21. OECD. Financing SMEs and Entrepreneurs 2020: An OECD Scoreboard. Paris: OECD Publishing, 2020.
22. Basareva V.G. (2017). Small businesses in a system of measures aimed at recovering the trajectory of economic growth, Studies on Russian Economic Development, no. 5 (28), pp. 521–527.
23. Shirokova G., Vega G., Sokolova L. (2013). Performance of Russian SMEs: exploration, exploitation and strategic entrepreneurship, Critical perspectives on international business, no. 1/2 (9), pp. 173–203.
24. Faltsman V.K. (2020). On Overcoming Russia’s Challenges, Studies on Russian Economic Development, no. 1 (31), pp. 44–51.
25. Dobrolyubova E., Alexandrov O., Yefremov A. (2018). Is Russia Ready for Digital Transformation? In: Alexandrov D., Boukhanovsky A., Chugunov A.,Kabanov Y., Koltsova O. (eds.) Digital Transformation and Global Society. Cham: Springer.
26. Stull M. (2011). Cash flow, the oxygen of business. San Bernardino: Daily Bulletin, California State University.
27. Schwab K. (ed.) (2019). The Global Competitiveness Report. Geneva: World Economic Forum. URL: http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_TheGlobalCompetitivenessReport2019.pdf.
28. Dugnani R. (2012). Cos’è la finanza agevolata. IPSOA.
29. EC. EU funding programmes 2014–2020. URL: https://ec.europa.eu/info/s tra tegy/eubudget/spending/topic/eu-funding-programmes2014-2020_en.
30. Eurostat. Smarter, greener, more inclusive? Indicators to support the Europe 2020 strategy. 2019.
31. Salimbeni A.P. (2019). Fondi europei 2021–2027. Politica di coesione, guida al negoziato sul bilancio UE. URL: https://web.uniroma1.it/bibbarone/sites/default/files/fondi%20europei.pdf.
32. Pes G.N., Porretta P. (2016). Microfinance, EU Structural Funds and Capacity Building for Managing Authorities. A Comparative Analysis of European Convergence Regions. UK: Palgrave Macmillan.
33. EC. HORIZON 2020 IN FULL SWING. Three Years On: Key facts and figures 2014–2016. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2018.
34. EC. SMEs. Horizon 2020. URL: https://ec.europa.eu/programmes/horizon2020/en/area/smes.
35. Lucchese M., Nascia L., Pianta M. (2016). Industrial policy and technology in Italy, ISI Growth, Working Paper., no. 2. URL: http://www.isigrowth.eu/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/working_paper_2016_2.pdf.
36. Camera dei Deputati Servizio Studi, Impresa 4.0. 2019. URL: https://www.camera.it/temiap/documentazione/temi/pdf/1105008.pdf?_1563382635341.
37. Smart Specialization Platform, Digital Innovation Hubs. URL: https://s3platform.jrc.ec.europa.eu/digital-innovation-hubs.
38. Crupi A., Del Sarto N., Di Minin A., Gregori G.L., Lepore D., Marinelli L., Spigarelli F. (2020). The digital transformation of SMEs – a new knowledge broker called the digital innovation hub, Journal of Knowledge Management, no. 6 (24), pp. 1263–1288.
39. Marche Region. Regional law 20/03: codified text on norms related to industrial, craft and production services matters. 2003. URL: https://www.tuttocamere.it/files/regione/MARCHE_2003_20_B.pdf.
40. Marche Region. Bando impresa lavoro 4.0. 2018. URL: https://www.regione.marche.it/Newsed-Eventi/Post/47568/Online-il-Bando-Impresa-eLavoro-4-0.
41. Decree of the Italian Minister of the economic development on the recognition of the complex industrial crisis area of the Fermo – Macerata district. 2018. URL: https://www.mise.gov.it/images/stories/documenti/allegati/crisi/01_DM_12-1-2018.pdf.
42. OECD. Russian Federation: Key Issues and Policies, OECD Studies on SMEs and Entrepreneurship. Paris: OECD Publishing, 2015.
43. Akulich O. (2020). Sostegno finanziario alle piccole e medie imprese nell’UE e in Russia: analisi comparativa, Economia e Diritto, Analisi, spunti e riflessioni su temi economico-giuridici, no. 12 (68). URL: https://www.economiaediritto.it/sostegnofinanziario-alle-pmi-nellue-e-in-russia-analisicomparativa/.
44. European Investment Bank. Small and Medium Entrepreneurship in Russia. EIB: Luxembourg, 2013. URL: https://www.eib.org/attachments/efs/econ_study_small_and_medium_entrepreneurship_in_russia_en.pdf.
45. Centre for entrepreneurship. SMEs and local development. Review of SME and Entrepreneurship Issues and Policies in the Russian Federation CFE/SME(2013)9/FINAL. OECD, 2015.
46. Analytical center for the government of the Russian Federation. The Digital Economy national program was officially presented at the Open Innovations forum. 2018. URL: https://ac.gov.ru/en/n
ews/page/the-digital-economy-national-programwas-officially-presented-at-the-open-innovationsforum-18558.
47. Mikhailovskaia E., Shavshina W., Sizova K. The new “SPIC 2.0” mechanism becomes law. DLA PIPER, 2019. URL: https://www.dlapiper.com/en/russia/insights/publications/2019/08/spic/.
48. Sitnikov A., Vasyukhnova A., Gasparyan A.,Grigoryev M., Abtseshko N. SPIC 2.0: Mechanism for development of innovations and introduction of modern technologies. Vegas Lex, 2019.
49. The Russian Government. The 5th Gaidar Forum. 2014. URL: http://government.ru/en/news/9741/.
50. Dias A., Teixeira A.A.C. (2017). The anatomy of business failure: A qualitative account of its implications for future business success, European Journal
of Management and Business Economics, no. 1 (26), pp. 2–20.
51. Opora Russia. RSBI Opora Index Small and Medium-sized Businesses. 2019.
52. SPIEF. New Investment Policy Mechanisms: Engines of Growth, Key conclusions. 2018. URL: https://roscongress.org/en/sessions/novyemekhanizmy-investitsionnoy-politiki-lokomotivyrosta/discussion/.
