ПРОЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКОЕ ПОВЕДЕНИЕ И КЛИМАТИЧЕСКИЙ МЕНЕДЖМЕНТ
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22394/2304-3369-2023-4-81-94Ключевые слова:
инвайронментальная социология, социологическая теория, социология изме- нения климата, экологическая справедливость, устойчивое поведение, социально-экологические практики, социология действия, социальные изменения, субъективные трансформацииАннотация
Введение. Антропогенное воздействие домохозяйств и изменение климата на окружающую среду составляет существенную нагрузку вместе с промышленностью и теплоэнергетикой. В этой статье мы рассматриваем ведущие социологические теории, связанные с климатическими действиями, с целью найти эффективные стратегии управления поведением.
Материалы и методы. Для поиска наиболее ревелевантных теоретических фреймов и методик управления социально-экологическим поведением в рамках предотвращения и нивелирования по- следствий изменения климата был проведен метаанализ публикаций по международных базам Web of Science и Scopus.
Результаты. В статье были рассмотрены «теории активации нормы», «ценности – убеждения – нормы», «теория запланированного действия», «теория социального познания», «таксономия норм»,
«теория самовосприятия», «установки – поведение – контекст». Несмотря на то, что разные концепции ставят в фокусе различные аспекты рассматриваемого поведения, можно выделить общезначимые зависимости, рассмотренные в исследованиях в рамках указанных концепций. На вероятность проэкологического поведения влияет степень восприятия риска изменения климата, уровень осведомлённости об экологических проблемах и изменении климата, однако они не являются гарантиями практики проэкологического поведения без полного комплекса мотивации, готовности действовать, сопутствующих внешних и внутренних стимулов/выгод. Большую роль, помимо экологической осведомленности, играет наличие когнитивных барьеров и когнитивных искажений, которые необходимо прорабатывать в рамках образовательных и воспитательных программ. Частота проэкологического поведения также коррелирует с наличием альтруистических и экологических ценностей. Было выявлено, что первичная социальная среда (семья, ближний круг) и вторичная среда индивида (обучение, работа, широкий круг) одинаково важны для интериоризации проэкологических норм и правил
Обсуждение. В рамках управленческих решений можно выработать различные стратегии влияния на индивидуальном, корпоративном и государственном уровне, эти стратегии должны затрагивать весь комплекс факторов личностного и социального измерений, а социальные программы должны поэтапно разрабатываться с учетом разных демографических и социальных групп.
Библиографические ссылки
1. STEG, L., & VLEK, C. (2009). Encouraging pro- environmental behaviour: An integrative review and research agenda. Journal of Environmental Psy- chology, 29(3), 309–317. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. jenvp.2008.10.004.
2. MAYRHOFER, J. P., & GUPTA, J. (2016). The science and politics of co-benefits in climate policy. Environmental Science & Policy, (57), 22–30. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2015.11.005.
3. LEE, Y., & HSU, Y. (2013). How do we forget neg- ative events? The role of attentional, cognitive, and metacognitive control. Cognition & Emotion, 27(3), 401–415.https://doi.org/10.1080/02699931.2012.713326.
4. STEG, L. (2008). Promoting household energy conservation. Energy Policy, 36(12), 4449–4453. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2008.09.027.
5. O’CONNOR, R. E., BORD, R. J., YARNAL, B., & WIEFEK, N. (2002). Who Wants to Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions. Social Science Quarterly, 83(1), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1111/1540-6237.00067.
6. STERN, P. C., KALOF, L., DIETZ, T., & GUAGNANO, G. A. (1995). Values, Beliefs, and Proenvironmen- tal Action: Attitude Formation Toward Emergent Attitude Objects. Journal of Applied Social Psychol- ogy, 25(18), 1611–1636. https://doi.org/10.1111/ j.1559-1816.1995.tb02636.x.
7. STERN, P. C. (2000). New Environmental The- ories: Toward a Coherent Theory of Environmental- ly Significant Behavior. Journal of Social Issues, 56(3), 407–424. https://doi.org/10.1111/0022-4537.00175.
8. MANFREDO, M. J., BRUSKOTTER, J. T., TEEL, T. L., FULTON, D., SCHWARTZ, S. H., ARLINGHAUS, R., OISHI, S., USKUL, A. K., REDFORD, K., KITAYAMA, S., & SULLIVAN, L. (2017). Why social values cannot be changed for the sake of conservation. Conservation Biology, 31(4), 772–780. https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.12855.
9. PARK, S. (2020). How Celebrities' Green Mes- sages on Twitter Influence Public Attitudes and Be- havioral Intentions to Mitigate Climate Change. Sustainability, 12(19), Article 7948. https://doi.org/ 10.3390/su12197948.
10. IONESCU, L. (2021). Transitioning to a Low- Carbon Economy: Green Financial Behavior, Cli- mate Change Mitigation, and Environmental Energy Sustainability. Geopolitics, History, and International Relations, 13(1), 86–96. https://doi.org/10.22381/ ghir13120218.
11. MASUD, M. M., AL-AMIN, A. Q., JUNSHENG, H., AHMED, F., YAHAYA, S. R., AKHTAR, R., & BANNA, H. (2016). Climate change issue and theory of planned behaviour: relationship by empirical evidence. Jour- nal of Cleaner Production, 113, 613–623. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.11.080.
12. PRATI, G., ALBANESI, C., & PIETRANTONI, L. (2015). The interplay among environmental atti- tudes, proenvironmental behavior, social identity, and pro-environmental institutional climate. A longitudinal study. Environmental Education Research, 23(2), 176–191. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504622.2015.1118752.
13. THØGERSEN, J. (2006). Norms for environ- mentally responsible behaviour: An extended tax- onomy. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 26(4), 247–261. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2006.09.004.
14. GIFFORD, R., SCANNELL, L., KORMOS, C., SMOLOVA, L., BIEL, A., BONCU, S., CORRAL, V., GÜNTHERF, H.,
HANYU, K., HINE, D., KAISER, F. G., KORPELA, K., LIMA, L. M., MERTIG, A. G., MIRA, R. G., MOSER, G., PASSAFARO, P., PINHEIRO, J. Q., SAINI, S., & UZZELL, D. (2009). Temporal pessimism and spatial optimism in environmental assessments: An 18-nation study. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 29(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2008.06.001.
15. HAN, P., TONG, Z., SUN, Y., & CHEN, X. (2022). Impact of Climate Change Beliefs on Youths’ En- gagement in Energy-Conservation Behavior: The Mediating Mechanism of Environmental Concerns. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(12), Article 7222. https://doi. org/10.3390/ijerph19127222.
16. XU, Y., LI, W., & CHI, S. (2021). Altruism, Environmental Concerns, and Pro-environmental Be- haviors of Urban Residents: A Case Study in a Typ- ical Chinese City. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, Arti- cle 643759. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.643759.
17. KIM, M. J., & HALL, C. M. (2019). Can Climate Change Awareness Predict Pro-Environmental Practices in Restaurants? Comparing High and Low Dining Expenditure. Sustainability, 11(23), Arti- cle 6777. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11236777.
18. TROPE, Y., & LIBERMAN, N. (2010). Construallevel theory of psychological distance. Psychological Review, 117(2), 440–463. https://doi.org/10.1037/ a0018963.
19. MCDONALD, R. I., CHAI, H. Y., & NEWELL, B. R. (2015). Personal experience and the ‘psychological distance' of climate change: An integrative review. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 44, 109–118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2015.10.003.
20. GIFFORD, R., & NILSSON, A. (2014). Personal
and social factors that influence pro-environmental concern and behaviour: A review. International Journal of Psychology, 49(3), 141–157. https://doi. org/10.1002/ijop.12034.
21. KIM, K., & AHN, S. J. (2019). The moderating role of cultural background in temporal framing: focusing on climate change awareness advertising. Asian Journal of Communication, 29(4), 363–385. https://doi.org/10.1080/01292986.2019.1624793.
22. BERMAN CAGGIANO, H., KUMAR, P., SHWOM, R.,CUITE, C., & AxSEN, J. (2021). Explaining green tech- nology purchases by US and Canadian households: the role of proenvironmental lifestyles, values, and environmental concern. Energy Efficiency, 14(5), Arti- cle 46. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12053-021-09959-8.
23. LIANG, Y., LEE, M. J., & JUNG, J. S. (2022). Dynamic Capabilities and an ESG Strategy for Sustain- able Management Performance. Frontiers in Psy- chology, 13, Article 887776. https://doi.org/10.3389/ fpsyg.2022.887776.
24. SHOVE, E. (2010). Beyond the ABC: Climate Change Policy and Theories of Social Change. Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space, 42(6), 1273–1285. https://doi.org/10.1068/a42282.
25. NIELSEN, A. S. E., SAND, H., SØRENSEN, P., KNUTS- SON, M., MARTINSSON, P., PERSSON, E., & WOLLBRANT, C. (2017). Nudging and pro-environmental behaviour. TemaNord. https://doi.org/10.6027/tn2016-553.
26. WANG, X., VAN DER WERFF, E., BOUMAN, T., HARDER, M. K., & STEG, L. (2021). I Am vs. We Are: How Biospheric Values and Environmental Identity of Individuals and Groups Can Influence Pro-envi- ronmental Behaviour. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, Article 618956. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021. 618956.
REFERENCES
1. STEG, L., & VLEK, C. (2009). Encouraging proenvironmental behaviour: An integrative review and research agenda. Journal of Environmental Psy- chology, 29(3), 309–317. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. jenvp.2008.10.004.
2. MAYRHOFER, J. P., & GUPTA, J. (2016). The science and politics of co-benefits in climate policy. Environmental Science & Policy, (57), 22–30. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2015.11.005.
3. LEE, Y., & HSU, Y. (2013). How do we forget neg- ative events? The role of attentional, cognitive, and metacognitive control. Cognition & Emotion, 27(3), 401–415.https://doi.org/10.1080/02699931.2012.713326.
4. STEG, L. (2008). Promoting household energy conservation. Energy Policy, 36(12), 4449–4453. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2008.09.027.
5. O’CONNOR, R. E., BORD, R. J., YARNAL, B., & WIEFEK, N. (2002). Who Wants to Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions. Social Science Quarterly, 83(1), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1111/1540-6237.00067.
6. STERN, P. C., KALOF, L., DIETZ, T., & GUAGNANO, G. A. (1995). Values, Beliefs, and Proenvironmen- tal Action: Attitude Formation Toward Emergent Attitude Objects. Journal of Applied Social Psychol- ogy, 25(18), 1611–1636. https://doi.org/10.1111/ j.1559-1816.1995.tb02636.x.
7. STERN, P. C. (2000). New Environmental Theories: Toward a Coherent Theory of Environmental- ly Significant Behavior. Journal of Social Issues, 56(3), 407–424. https://doi.org/10.1111/0022-4537.00175.
8. MANFREDO, M. J., BRUSKOTTER, J. T., TEEL, T. L., FULTON, D., SCHWARTZ, S. H., ARLINGHAUS, R., OISHI, S., USKUL, A. K., REDFORD, K., KITAYAMA, S., & SULLIVAN, L. (2017). Why social values cannot be changed for the sake of conservation. Conservation Biology, 31(4), 772–780. https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.12855.
9. PARK, S. (2020). How Celebrities' Green Mes- sages on Twitter Influence Public Attitudes and Behavioral Intentions to Mitigate Climate Change. Sustainability, 12(19), Article 7948. https://doi.org/ 10.3390/su12197948.
10. IONESCU, L. (2021). Transitioning to a Low- Carbon Economy: Green Financial Behavior, Climate Change Mitigation, and Environmental Energy Sustainability. Geopolitics, History, and International Relations, 13(1), 86–96. https://doi.org/10.22381/ ghir13120218.
11. MASUD, M. M., ALAMIN, A. Q., JUNSHENG, H., AHMED, F., YAHAYA, S. R., AKHTAR, R., & BANNA, H. (2016). Climate change issue and theory of planned behaviour: relationship by empirical evidence. Journal of Cleaner Production, 113, 613–623. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.11.080.
12. PRATI, G., ALBANESI, C., & PIETRANTONI, L. (2015). The interplay among environmental atti- tudes, pro-environmental behavior, social identity, and pro-environmental institutional climate. A lon- gitudinal study. Environmental Education Research, 23(2), 176–191. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504622. 2015.1118752.
13. THØGERSEN, J. (2006). Norms for environ- mentally responsible behaviour: An extended tax- onomy. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 26(4), 247–261. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2006.09.004.
14. GIFFORD, R., SCANNELL, L., KORMOS, C., SMOLO- VA, L., BIEL, A., BONCU, S., CORRAL, V., GÜNTHERF, H.,
HANYU, K., HINE, D., KAISER, F. G., KORPELA, K., LIMA, L. M., MERTIG, A. G., MIRA, R. G., MOSER, G., PASSAFARO, P., PINHEIRO, J. Q., SAINI, S., & UZZELL, D. (2009). Temporal pessimism and spatial optimism in environmental assessments: An 18-nation study. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 29(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2008.06.001.
15. HAN, P., TONG, Z., SUN, Y., & CHEN, X. (2022). Impact of Climate Change Beliefs on Youths’ En- gagement in Energy-Conservation Behavior: The Mediating Mechanism of Environmental Concerns. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(12), Article 7222. https://doi. org/10.3390/ijerph19127222.
16. XU, Y., LI, W., & CHI, S. (2021). Altruism, Environmental Concerns, and Pro-environmental Be- haviors of Urban Residents: A Case Study in a Typ- ical Chinese City. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, Arti- cle 643759. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.643759.
17. KIM, M. J., & HALL, C. M. (2019). Can Climate Change Awareness Predict Pro-Environmental Practices in Restaurants? Comparing High and Low Dining Expenditure. Sustainability, 11(23), Arti- cle 6777. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11236777.
18. TROPE, Y., & LIBERMAN, N. (2010). Construallevel theory of psychological distance. Psychological Review, 117(2), 440–463. https://doi.org/10.1037/ a0018963.
19. MCDONALD, R. I., CHAI, H. Y., & NEWELL, B. R. (2015). Personal experience and the ‘psychological distance' of climate change: An integrative review. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 44, 109–118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2015.10.003.
20. GIFFORD, R., & NILSSON, A. (2014). Personal and social factors that influence pro-environmental concern and behaviour: A review. International Journal of Psychology, 49(3), 141–157. https://doi. org/10.1002/ijop.12034.
21. KIM, K., & AHN, S. J. (2019). The moderating role of cultural background in temporal framing: focusing on climate change awareness advertising. Asian Journal of Communication, 29(4), 363–385. https://doi.org/10.1080/01292986.2019.1624793.
22. BERMAN CAGGIANO, H., KUMAR, P., SHWOM, R., CUITE, C., & AxSEN, J. (2021). Explaining green tech- nology purchases by US and Canadian households: the role of pro-environmental lifestyles, values, and environmental concern. Energy Efficiency, 14(5), Arti- cle 46. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12053-021-09959-8.
23. LIANG, Y., LEE, M. J., & JUNG, J. S. (2022). Dynamic Capabilities and an ESG Strategy for Sustain- able Management Performance. Frontiers in Psy- chology, 13, Article 887776. https://doi.org/10.3389/ fpsyg.2022.887776.
24. SHOVE, E. (2010). Beyond the ABC: Climate Change Policy and Theories of Social Change. Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space, 42(6), 1273–1285. https://doi.org/10.1068/a42282.
25. NIELSEN, A. S. E., SAND, H., SØRENSEN, P., KNUTS- SON, M., MARTINSSON, P., PERSSON, E., & WOLLBRANT, C. (2017). Nudging and pro-environmental behaviour. TemaNord. https://doi.org/10.6027/tn2016-553.
26. WANG, X., VAN DER WERFF, E., BOUMAN, T., HARDER, M. K., & STEG, L. (2021). I Am vs. We Are: How Biospheric Values and Environmental Identity of Individuals and Groups Can Influence Pro-environ- mental Behaviour. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, Article 618956. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.618956
