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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="issn">2304-3369</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="eissn">2308-8842</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вопросы управления</journal-title>
        <journal-title xml:lang="en">Management issues</journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22394/2304-3369-2024-4-41-53</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="edn">PHDXEM</article-id>
      <title-group>
        <article-title xml:lang="ru">САМОСОХРАНИТЕЛЬНЫЕ ПРАКТИКИ НАСЕЛЕНИЯ</article-title>
        <trans-title-group xml:lang="en">
          <trans-title>SELF-PRESERVATION PRACTICES OF THE POPULATION</trans-title>
        </trans-title-group>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name name-style="eastern">
            <surname>Назарова</surname>
            <given-names>И. Б.</given-names>
          </name>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Назарова</surname>
              <given-names>И. Б.</given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Nazarova</surname>
              <given-names>I. B.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>inna-nazarova@mail.ru</email>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-8086-1617</contrib-id>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">7004074079</contrib-id>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">M-7786-2016</contrib-id>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff-alternatives id="aff1">
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="ru">Институт социально-экономических проблем народонаселения имени Н. М. Римашевской –  обособленное подразделение Федерального научно-исследовательского социологического центра  Российской академии наук (Москва, Россия)</institution>
          </aff>
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Socio-Economic Studies of Population Branch of the Federal Center of Theoretical and  Applied Sociology of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Moscow, Russia)</institution>
          </aff>
        </aff-alternatives>
      </contrib-group>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub" iso-8601-date="2026-03-18">
        <day>18</day>
        <month>03</month>
        <year>2026</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>18</volume>
      <issue>4</issue>
      <fpage>41</fpage>
      <lpage>53</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-03-12">
          <day>12</day>
          <month>03</month>
          <year>2024</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-04-18">
          <day>18</day>
          <month>04</month>
          <year>2024</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd" iso-8601-date="2024-04-14">
          <day>14</day>
          <month>04</month>
          <year>2024</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/">
          <license-p>CC BY-NC 4.0</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract xml:lang="ru">
        <p>Введение. На основании доступных данных исследованы основные практики самосохранительного поведения населения 15 лет и старше. Самосохранительное поведение индивида рассматривается в двух основных сферах: повседневная жизнь - поведение с целью профилактики болезни и в период болезни (обращение к медицинскому работнику).&#13;
&#13;
Материалы и методы. В качестве эмпирической базы использованы данные государственной статистики; результаты выборочного наблюдения состояния здоровья населения за период с 2019 по 2023 годы; база данных Российского мониторинга экономики и здоровья (RLMS-ВШЭ) за период с 1994 по 2022 гг. Данные позволили рассмотреть проблему самосохранительного поведения в динамике и в разрезе социально-демографических групп.&#13;
&#13;
Результаты. В России мало людей с высокой приверженностью здоровой жизни: 7,0% мужчин и 10,9% женщин. Мало людей, которые употребляют в достаточном количестве фрукты и овощи каждый день: 14,2% населения (2022 - 12,0%), сельское население - 15,9%, городское - 13,6%. Существуют ярко выраженные территориальные различия в потреблении фруктов и овощей, которые могут быть связаны с возможностями и привычками питания населения. В некоторых видах поведения люди стали вести себя более ответственно. Большинство населения (68,8%) не курят и не курили ранее, бросили курить 12,3%. У женщин динамика за 26 лет не изменилась, а мужчины стали курить на 18,6% меньше. Существенно снизилось потребление алкоголя, чаще других его потребляют представители группы 35-54 лет (каждый десятый). Позитивная динамика по физической активности, в настоящее время более половины граждан систематически занимаются физической культурой и спортом - 56,8% (по данным Министерства спорта). В случае проблем со здоровьем обращались в поликлинику, к врачу треть россиян (37,8% мужчин и 39,5% женщин), большинство лечились сами, ситуация ухудшилась с началом пандемии в 2020 году.&#13;
&#13;
Выводы. В целом поведение населения с целью профилактики здоровья имеет позитивную динамику, однако остается на низком уровне и не может внести существенный вклад в улучшение здоровья населения. В это же время активность населения в период заболевания также остается на низком уровне, позитивная динамика отсутствует. На фоне роста заболеваемости более половины граждан в период болезни не обращаются к врачу и занимаются самолечением.</p>
      </abstract>
      <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
        <p>Introduction. Based on the available data, the main practices of self-preservation behavior of the population 15 years and older are studied. An individual's self-preservation behavior is considered in two main areas: everyday life - behavior for preventing illness and during illness (contacting a medical professional).&#13;
&#13;
Materials and methods. State statistics data were used as an empirical basis; results of selective monitoring of the population's health status for the period from 2019 to 2023; database of the Russian Monitoring of Economics and Health (RLMS-HSE) for the period from 1994 to 2022. The data made it possible to consider the problem of self-preservation behavior in dynamics and in the context of socio-demographic groups.&#13;
&#13;
Results. In Russia, there are few people with a high commitment to a healthy life: 7.0% of men and 10.9% of women. Few people eat enough fruits and vegetables every day: 14.2% of the population (2022 - 12.0%), rural population - 15.9%, urban population - 13.6%. There are regional differences in the consumption of fruits and vegetables, which may be related to the availability and eating habits of the population. In some types of behavior, people began to behave more responsibly. The majority of the population (68.8%) do not smoke and have not smoked before; 12.3% have quit smoking. For women, the dynamics have not changed over 26 years, but men began to smoke 18.6% less. Alcohol consumption has decreased significantly; representatives of the 35-54 year old group (every tenth) consume it more often. Positive dynamics in physical activity; currently, more than half of citizens are systematically involved in physical culture and sports - 56.8% (according to the Ministry of Sports). In case of health problems, one third of Russians (37.8% of men and 39.5% of women) went to a polyclinic, to a doctor, the majority treated themselves, the situation worsened with the onset of the pandemic in 2020.&#13;
&#13;
Conclusion. In general, the behavior of the population for the purpose of health prevention has a positive trend, but remains at a low level and cannot make a significant contribution to improving the health of the population. At the same time, population activity during the period of illness also remains at a low level, and there is no positive dynamics. Against the backdrop of increasing morbidity, more than half of citizens do not consult a doctor during illness and engage in self-treatment.</p>
      </trans-abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
        <title>Ключевые слова</title>
        <kwd>здоровье</kwd>
        <kwd>самосохранительное поведение</kwd>
        <kwd>российские регионы</kwd>
        <kwd>здоровый образ</kwd>
        <kwd>жизни</kwd>
        <kwd>индекс массы тела</kwd>
        <kwd>обращаемость к врачу</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>health</kwd>
        <kwd>self-preservation behavior</kwd>
        <kwd>Russian regions</kwd>
        <kwd>healthy lifestyle</kwd>
        <kwd>body mass index</kwd>
        <kwd>doctor attendance</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body/>
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