<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" dtd-version="1.4" article-type="research-article">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="issn">2304-3369</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="eissn">2308-8842</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вопросы управления</journal-title>
        <journal-title xml:lang="en">Management issues</journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22394/2304-3385-2025-1-5-24</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="edn">ZLGQCE</article-id>
      <title-group>
        <article-title xml:lang="ru">Типология экосистем промышленных предприятий при цифровой трансформации</article-title>
        <trans-title-group xml:lang="en">
          <trans-title>Typology of enterprise ecosystems in digital transformation conditions</trans-title>
        </trans-title-group>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name name-style="eastern">
            <surname>Попов</surname>
            <given-names>Евгений Васильевич</given-names>
          </name>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Попов</surname>
              <given-names>Евгений Васильевич</given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Popov</surname>
              <given-names>Evgeny V.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>epopov@mail.ru</email>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-5513-5020</contrib-id>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">24822113400</contrib-id>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">H-3358-2015</contrib-id>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name name-style="eastern">
            <surname>Симонова</surname>
            <given-names>Виктория Львовна</given-names>
          </name>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Симонова</surname>
              <given-names>Виктория Львовна</given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Simonova</surname>
              <given-names>Victoria L.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>simonova4@yandex.ru</email>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-2814-464X</contrib-id>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">J-7050-2017</contrib-id>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name name-style="eastern">
            <surname>Зырянов</surname>
            <given-names>Александр Сергеевич</given-names>
          </name>
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Зырянов</surname>
              <given-names>Александр Сергеевич</given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Zyrianov</surname>
              <given-names>Aleksandr S.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>zyrianov.info@gmail.com</email>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0002-2015-6742</contrib-id>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">LEL-8920-2024</contrib-id>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff-alternatives id="aff1">
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="ru">Уральский институт управления – филиал Российской академии народного хозяйства и государственной службы при Президенте Российской Федерации (Екатеринбург, Россия)</institution>
          </aff>
          <aff>
            <institution xml:lang="en">Ural Management Institute – a branch of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (Yekaterinburg, Russia)</institution>
          </aff>
        </aff-alternatives>
      </contrib-group>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub" iso-8601-date="2025-01-01">
        <day>01</day>
        <month>01</month>
        <year>2025</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection">
        <year>2025</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>19</volume>
      <issue>1</issue>
      <fpage>5</fpage>
      <lpage>24</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-08-16">
          <day>16</day>
          <month>08</month>
          <year>2024</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-01-11">
          <day>11</day>
          <month>01</month>
          <year>2025</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd" iso-8601-date="2024-11-19">
          <day>19</day>
          <month>11</month>
          <year>2024</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement>© Е. В. Попов, В. Л. Симонова, А. С. Зырянов, 2025</copyright-statement>
        <copyright-year>2025</copyright-year>
        <license xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/">
          <license-p>CC BY-NC 4.0</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract xml:lang="ru">
        <p>Введение. Статья представляет авторский подход к анализу экономических экосистем в контексте цифровой трансформации. Авторы обосновывают необходимость разработки унифицированной типологии экономических экосистем, способствующей лучшему пониманию их структуры и динамики. Использованные источники из международных баз данных обеспечили актуальность темы, позволив выделить ключевых стейкхолдеров, проанализировать роль цифровых технологий и трансформацию ресурсов в условиях цифровизации экосистем предприятий.&#13;
&#13;
Материалы и методы. Исследование основано на теоретических положениях экономического экосистемного подхода и теории стейкхолдеров, а также применении структурного и экономико-компаративного анализа. Результаты исследования. Новизна работы состоит в исследовании и анализе научных трудов, посвящённых экономическим экосистемам, а также в синтезе различных точек зрения с целью разработки унифицированного подхода к их типологизации. Рассмотрены основные категории и критерии типологизации экосистем; обсуждено влияние цифровизации на экономические процессы внутри экосистем, подчеркнута значимость этого аспекта для современных бизнес-моделей; проведен анализ стадий эволюционного развития бизнес-экосистем, варьирующихся от простых партнерских до многоуровневых платформенных экосистем. В результате представлена типологизация экосистем первого уровня, включающая бизнес-экосистемы, инновационные экосистемы, экосистемы знаний и предпринимательские экосистемы. На втором уровне бизнес-экосистемы, частным случаем которых являются промышленные предприятия, сгруппированы по критериям: цели экосистем, степень цифровизации, масштаб охвата связей со стейкхолдерами. Обсуждение. Предложенная классификация учитывает различные аспекты экосистем, включая цели, степень цифровизации, а также масштаб охвата связей со стейкхолдерами. Предложенная типология вносит вклад в формирование научного стандартизированного подхода в части группировки исследований и подходов в изучении экосистемной формы организации предприятий по заданным критериям на типы и расширяет наше понимание концептуальных границ между различными экосистемами.</p>
      </abstract>
      <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
        <p>Introduction. The article presents the author's approach to the analysis of economic ecosystems in the context of digital transformation. The authors substantiate the need to develop a unified typology of economic ecosystems that would facilitate a better understanding of their structure and dynamics. The novelty lies in the study, analysis of scientific papers on economic ecosystems and the synthesis of individual points of view to form a unified approach to typology. Materials, methods and structure of the study. The study is based on the theoretical principles of the economic ecosystem approach and stakeholder theory, as well as the use of structural and economic comparative analysis to substantiate the conclusions. The sources used from international databases ensured the relevance of the topic, allowing us to identify key stakeholders, analyze the role of digital technologies and the transformation of resources in the context of digitalization of enterprise ecosystems. Results of the study. The main categories and criteria for the typology of ecosystems are considered; the impact of digitalization on economic processes within ecosystems is discussed, emphasizing the importance of this aspect for modern business models; an analysis of the stages of the evolutionary development of business ecosystems is carried out, ranging from simple partnerships to multi-level platform ecosystems. As a result, a typology of first-level ecosystems is presented in the form of business, innovation, knowledge and entrepreneurial ecosystems. At the second level, business ecosystems are grouped by criteria - ecosystem goals, degree of digitalization, scale of coverage of relationships with stakeholders. Discussion. The proposed classification takes into account various aspects of ecosystems, including goals, the degree of digitalization, and the scope of stakeholder relationships. The proposed typology contributes to the formation of a scientific standardized approach in terms of grouping studies and approaches in studying the ecosystem form of enterprise organization according to specified criteria into types and expands our understanding of the conceptual boundaries between different ecosystems.</p>
      </trans-abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
        <title>Ключевые слова</title>
        <kwd>Цифровая трансформация</kwd>
        <kwd>бизнес-экосистема</kwd>
        <kwd>цифровая платформа</kwd>
        <kwd>типы экосистем</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>digital transformation</kwd>
        <kwd>business ecosystem</kwd>
        <kwd>digital platform</kwd>
        <kwd>types of ecosystems</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <funding-group>
        <funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено за счет гранта Российского научного фонда № 24-18-20036, https://rscf.ru/project/24-18-20036/.</funding-statement>
        <funding-statement xml:lang="en">The research was supported by the Russian Science Foundation grant No. 24-18-20036, https://rscf.ru/project/24-18-20036/.</funding-statement>
      </funding-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body/>
  <back>
    <ref-list>
      <ref id="ref1">
        <label>1</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">1.	Третьякова Е. А., Фрейман Е. Н. Экосистемный подход в современных экономических исследованиях // Вопросы управления. 2022. № 1(74). С. 6-20. DOI 10.22394/2304-3369-2022-1-6-20. EDN QPUHDQ.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref2">
        <label>2</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">2.	Раменская Л.А. (2020). Применение концепции экосистем в экономико-управленческих исследованиях // Управленец. Т. 11, № 4. С. 16-28. DOI 10.29141/2218-5003-2020-11-4-2. EDN BQQBJU.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref3">
        <label>3</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">3.	Aarikka-Stenroos, L., Ritala, P. (2017). Network management in the era of ecosystems: Systematic review and management framework. Industrial Marketing Management, 67, 23-36. DOI 10.1016/j.indmarman.2017.08.010.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref4">
        <label>4</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">4.	Thomas, Llewellyn and Autio, Erkko, Innovation Ecosystems (October 28, 2019). pp.1-38. DOI 10.2139/ssrn.3476925.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref5">
        <label>5</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">5.	Adner, R. (2017). Ecosystem as structure: An actionable construct for strategy. Journal of management, 43(1), 39-58. DOI: 10.1177/0149206316678451</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref6">
        <label>6</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">6.	Llewellyn, D. W. Thomas, Autio, E. 2020. Innovation ecosystems in management: An organizing typology. In Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Business and Management. pp. 1-39. DOI 10.1093/acrefore/9780190224851.013.203.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref7">
        <label>7</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">7.	Попов Е.В., Долженко Р.А., Симонова В.Л. (2021). Теория экосистемного анализа // Вопросы управления. № 6. С. 20-36. DOI 10.22394/2304-3369-2021-6-20-36. EDN SSUZUN.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref8">
        <label>8</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">8.	Кулапов М.Н., Переверзева Е.И., Кириллова О.Ю. Бизнес-экосистемы: определения, типологии, практики развития // Вопросы инновационной экономики. 2022. Том 12. № 3. С. 1597-1612. DOI 10.18334/vinec.12.3.115234. EDN RLKOFE.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref9">
        <label>9</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">9.	Valkokari, K. (2015) Business, Innovation, and Knowledge Ecosystems: How They Differ and How to Survive and Thrive within Them. Technology Innovation Management Review, 5(8): 17-24. DOI 10.22215/timreview/919.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref10">
        <label>10</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">10.	Dieudonnee Cobben, Ward Ooms, Nadine Roijakkers, Agnieszka Radziwon. Ecosystem types: A systematic review on boundaries and goals. Journal of Business Research, Volume 142, March 2022, pp. 138-164. DOI 10.1016/j.jbusres.2021.12.046.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref11">
        <label>11</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">11.	Moore, J. (1993) Predators and prey: A new ecology of competition. Harvard Business Review, 71(3), 75-86. https://hbr.org/1993/05/predators-and-prey-a-new-ecology-of-competition. EDN BOKNEH.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref12">
        <label>12</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">12.	Jacobides, Michael G., Cennamo, Carmelo, Gawer, Annabelle (2018) Towards a theory of ecosystems. Strategic Management Journal, 39(8), 2255-2276. DOI 10.1002/smj.2904.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref13">
        <label>13</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">13.	Adner, R. (2006) Match your innovation strategy to your innovation ecosystem. Harvard Business Review, 84(4), 98-107. https://hbr.org/2006/04/match-your-innovation-strategy-to-your-innovation-ecosystem.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref14">
        <label>14</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">14.	Suominen, A., Seppanen, M., Dedehayir, O. (2019) A bibliometric review on innovation systems and ecosystems: A research agenda. European Journal of Innovation Management, 22(2), 335-360. DOI 10.1108/EJIM-12-2017-0188. EDN SUAUGE.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref15">
        <label>15</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">15.	Van der Borgh, M., Cloodt, M., Romme, G. (2012) Value creation by knowledge-based ecosystems: Evidence from a field study. R&amp;D Management, 42(2), 150-169. DOI 10.1111/j.1467-9310.2011.00673.x.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref16">
        <label>16</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">16.	Jarvi, K., Almpanopoulou, A., Ritala, P. (2018). Organization of knowledge ecosystems: Prefigurative and partial forms. Research Policy, 47(8), 1523-1537. DOI 10.1016/j.respol.2018.05.007.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref17">
        <label>17</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">17.	Brem, A., Radziwon, A. (2017) Efficient Triple Helix collaboration fostering local niche innovation projects - A case from Denmark. Technological Forecasting &amp; Social Change, 123, 130-141. DOI 10.1016/j.techfore.2017.01.002.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref18">
        <label>18</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">18.	Schaeffer, V., Matt, M. (2016) Development of academic entrepreneurship in a nonmature context: The role of the university as hub-organisation. Entrepreneurship &amp; Regional Development, 28(9-10), 724-745. DOI 10.1080/08985626.2016.1247915.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref19">
        <label>19</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">19.	Auerswald, P. E., &amp; Dani, L. (2017) The adaptive lifecycle of entrepreneurial ecosystems: The biotechnology cluster. Small Business Economics, 49(1), 97-117. DOI 10.1007/s11187-017-9869-3. EDN GFKIQB.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref20">
        <label>20</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">20.	Spigel, B. (2015) The relational organization of entrepreneurial ecosystems. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 41(1), 49-72. DOI 10.1111/etap.12167.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref21">
        <label>21</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">21.	Бабкин, А. В. Оценка эффективности внедрения цифровой платформы промышленного предприятия / А. В. Бабкин, П. А. Михайлов, Л. В. Ташенова // Естественно-гуманитарные исследования. 2023. № 1(45). С. 17-29. EDN KMMNYH.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref22">
        <label>22</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">22.	Lippert, K.J., Cloutier, R. (2021) Cyberspace: A Digital Ecosystem. Systems 9, 48. DOI 10.3390/systems9030048. EDN CCHZFE.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref23">
        <label>23</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">23.	Попов, Е. В. Потенциал цифровизации экосистемы фирмы / Е. В. Попов, В. Л. Симонова // Вопросы управления. 2022. № 1(74). С. 34-46. DOI 10.22394/2304-3369-2022-1-34-46. EDN WIJLDI.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref24">
        <label>24</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">24.	Karaboga, T., Gurol, Y. D., Binici, C. M., Sarp, P. (2020). Sustainable Digital Talent Ecosystem in the New Era: Impacts on Businesses, Governments and Universities. Istanbul Business Research, 49(2), 360-379. DOI 10.26650/ibr.2020.49.0009. EDN QLLVQN.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref25">
        <label>25</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">25.	Шайтура, С. В. Системный анализ экосистем / С. В. Шайтура, Л. В. Сумзина, А. В. Максимов // Отходы и ресурсы. 2023. Т. 10. № 2. С. 1-12. DOI 10.15862/09ECOR223. EDN AYTUWG.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref26">
        <label>26</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">1.	Tretyakova, E. A., Freiman, E. N. (2022) Ecosystem approach in modern economic research. Management Issues, no. 1(74). pp. 6-20. https://doi.org/10.22394/2304-3369-2022-1-6-20. https://elibrary.ru/qpuhdq.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref27">
        <label>27</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">2.	Ramenskaya, L.A. (2020). The concept of ecosystem in economic and management studies. Upravlenets – The Manager, 11(4), pp. 16–28. https://doi.org/10.29141/2218-5003-2020-11-4-2. https://elibrary.ru/bqqbju.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref28">
        <label>28</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">3.	Aarikka-Stenroos, L., Ritala, P. (2017) Network management in the era of ecosystems: Systematic review and management framework. Industrial Marketing Management, 67, pp. 23-36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2017.08.010.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref29">
        <label>29</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">4.	Thomas, Llewellyn and Autio, Erkko (2019) Innovation Ecosystems, October 28, pp. 1-38. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3476925.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref30">
        <label>30</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">5.	Adner, R. (2017) Ecosystem as structure: An actionable construct for strategy. Journal of management, 43(1), pp. 39-58. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206316678451.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref31">
        <label>31</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">6.	Llewellyn D. W. Thomas, Autio, E. (2020) Innovation ecosystems in management: An organizing typology. In Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Business and Management, pp.1-39. https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190224851.013.203.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref32">
        <label>32</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">7.	Popov, E. V., Dolzhenko, R.A., Simonova, V.L. (2021) Theory of ecosystem analysis. Management Issues, no. 6, pp. 20-36. https://doi.org/10.22394/2304-3369-2021-6-20-36. https://elibrary.ru/ssuzun.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref33">
        <label>33</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">8.	Kulapov, M. N., Pereverzeva, E. I., Kirillova, O. Yu. (2022) Business ecosystems: definitions, typologies, development practices. Voprosy innovatsionnoy ekonomiki, 12(3), pp. 1597-1612. https://doi.org/10.18334/vinec.12.3.115234. https://elibrary.ru/rlkofe.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref34">
        <label>34</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">9.	Valkokari, K. (2015) Business, Innovation, and Knowledge Ecosystems: How They Differ and How to Survive and Thrive within Them. Technology Innovation Management Review, 5(8), pp. 17-24. https://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/919.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref35">
        <label>35</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">10.	Dieudonnee Cobben, Ward Ooms, Nadine Roijakkers, Agnieszka Radziwon (2022) Ecosystem types: A systematic review on boundaries and goals. Journal of Business Research, 142(March), pp. 138-164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2021.12.046.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref36">
        <label>36</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">11.	Moore, J. (1993). Predators and prey: A new ecology of competition. Harvard Business Review, 71(3), pp. 75-86. https://hbr.org/1993/05/predators-and-prey-a-new-ecology-of-competition. https://elibrary.ru/bokneh.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref37">
        <label>37</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">12.	Jacobides, Michael G., Cennamo, Carmelo, Gawer, Annabelle (2018) Towards a theory of ecosystems. Strategic Management Journal, 39(8), pp. 2255-2276. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.2904.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref38">
        <label>38</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">13.	Adner, R. (2006) Match your innovation strategy to your innovation ecosystem. Harvard Business Review, 84(4), pp. 98-107. https://hbr.org/2006/04/match-your-innovation-strategy-to-your-innovation-ecosystem.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref39">
        <label>39</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">14.	Suominen, A., Seppanen, M., Dedehayir, O. (2019) A bibliometric review on innovation systems and ecosystems: A research agenda. European Journal of Innovation Management, 22(2), pp. 335-360. https://doi.org/10.1108/EJIM-12-2017-0188. https://elibrary.ru/suauge.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref40">
        <label>40</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">15.	Van der Borgh, M., Cloodt, M., Romme, G. (2012) Value creation by knowledge-based ecosystems: Evidence from a field study. R&amp;D Management, 42(2), pp. 150-169. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9310.2011.00673.x.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref41">
        <label>41</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">16.	Jarvi, K., Almpanopoulou, A., Ritala, P. (2018) Organization of knowledge ecosystems: Prefigurative and partial forms. Research Policy, 47(8), pp. 1523-1537. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2018.05.007.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref42">
        <label>42</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">17.	Brem, A., Radziwon, A. (2017) Efficient Triple Helix collaboration fostering local niche innovation projects - A case from Denmark. Technological Forecasting &amp; Social Change, 123, pp. 130-141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2017.01.002.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref43">
        <label>43</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">18.	Schaeffer, V., Matt, M. (2016) Development of academic entrepreneurship in a nonmature context: The role of the university as hub-organisation. Entrepreneurship &amp; Regional Development, 28(9-10), pp. 724-745. https://doi.org/10.1080/08985626.2016.1247915.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref44">
        <label>44</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">19.	Auerswald, P. E., Dani, L. (2017) The adaptive lifecycle of entrepreneurial ecosystems: The biotechnology cluster. Small Business Economics, 49(1), pp. 97-117. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-017-9869-3. https://elibrary.ru/gfkiqb.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref45">
        <label>45</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">20.	Spigel, B. (2015) The relational organization of entrepreneurial ecosystems. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 41(1), pp. 49-72. https://doi.org/10.1111/etap.12167.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref46">
        <label>46</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">21.	Babkin, A. V. Mikhailov, P. A., Tashenova, L. V. (2023) Evaluation of the effectiveness of the implementation of a digital platform for an industrial enterprise. Natural Sciences and Humanities Research, no. 1 (45). pp. 17-29. https://elibrary.ru/kmmnyh.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref47">
        <label>47</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">22.	Lippert, K. J.; Cloutier, R. (2021) Cyberspace: A Digital Ecosystem. Systems, 9, p. 48. https://doi.org/10.3390/systems9030048. https://elibrary.ru/cchzfe.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref48">
        <label>48</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">23.	Popov, E. V., Simonova, V. L. (2022) Potential of a company’s ecosystem digitalization. Management Issues, no. 1(74), pp. 34-46. https://doi.org/10.22394/2304-3369-2022-1-34-46. https://elibrary.ru/wijldi.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref49">
        <label>49</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">24.	Karaboga, T., Gurol, Y. D., Binici, C. M., &amp; Sarp, P. (2020) Sustainable Digital Talent Ecosystem in the New Era: Impacts on Businesses, Governments and Universities. Istanbul Business Research, 49(2), pp. 360-379. https://doi.org/10.26650/ibr.2020.49.0009. https://elibrary.ru/qllvqn.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="ref50">
        <label>50</label>
        <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">25.	Shaytura S. V., Sumzina L. V., Maksimov A. V. (2023) System analysis ecosystems. Russian Journal of Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 10(2): 09ECOR223, pp. 1-12. https://doi.org/10.15862/09ECOR223. https://elibrary.ru/aytuwg.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
    </ref-list>
  </back>
</article>
